Artificial light at night (ALAN) has been implicated in the global decline of insect populations. Causal mechanisms contributing to declines remain unclear, however. Here we examine causal factors which could link some declining terrestrial populations with ALAN. To do so, defined closest and furthest halves individual bushes according nearest source artificial light. We sampled leaves inverteb...

There are two challenges in classifying lidar points into ground and non-ground points on Texas coastal areas, which usually has a low-lying landform consisting of morphological features including dunes, tidal and river channels with levees, barren flats, buildings, and trees with varying cover density. The first is to remove buildings and trees meanwhile keeping seawall, dunes, levees and chan...

1. This study examines limitation of nesting resources for leaf-litter and twig-nesting ants as a mechanism of diversity loss across an intensification gradient of coffee production in Colombia. Twelve farms were selected and classified into four management types: forest, polygeneric shade coffee, monogeneric shade coffee, and sun coffee (unshaded coffee monocultures). 2. At each of the farms, ...

Nepal is among the least developed countries in Asia, and 80% of the population live in rural areas. Hygiene and sanitation are generally poor in Nepal with 36% of the people practicing defecation in fields or bushes. A structured survey was conducted from June to September 2012 at the five sites of Tikapur Municipality and four surrounding Village Development Committees (VDCs) in Kailali, far-...

Insect pollination is one of the most important ecosystem services. Pollinator communities are rarely studied across years and crops in same location. The aim this study was to investigate pollinator community structure on five different fruit crops, as well activity groups during day their temperature preferences. observed two apple trees blueberry, strawberry, blackcurrant raspberry bushes. v...

It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us.

Cyrtophora cicatrosa weaves a three-dimensional dome web and is commonly found in thorny bushes and cacti. The factors that could be responsible for this selection were studied, both by field observations and laboratory experiments. Structural requirements in terms of space availability were found to be an important factor in the selection of the web site, though other factors could be signific...