The formation/loss of characterized traits in a given cultivated species is strongly affected by long-term artificial selection. Cowpea (V. unguiculata L. Walp.) is an important legume crop for many residences in the tropics and subtropics of the world, being consumed as either a grain, fodder or vegetable crop depending on local cultivation and consumption habits. Cowpea is believed to have or...

We make explicit the geometric content of Mel’nikov’s method for detecting heteroclinic points between transversally hyperbolic periodic orbits. After developing the general theory of intersections for pairs of family of Lagrangian submanifolds constrained to live in an auxiliary family of submanifolds, we explain how the heteroclinic orbits are detected by the zeros of the Mel’nikov 1-form. Th...

A foliar spray of 10 mm cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (CHC), a component of the growth stimulant naphthenic acid, to primary leaves of 14-day-old plants of bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv Top Crop, resulted in increased vegetative growth and pod production. One minute after the application of 0.5 mm CHC-7-(14)C (CHC(*)) to a primary leaf, CHC(*) was present within it. The chief conversion of ...

The effect of effective microorganisms (EM) on nodulation parameters and yields of bush bean and mungbean on soils with low and high populations of rhizobia were evaluated. Two soils were selected because of the adverse effects of high temperatures and dry conditions of the tropics on growth and maintenance of inherent populations of beneficial soil microorganisms. The experimental treatments i...

With approximately 11 million habitants, Guatemala is mostly a rural country, with 60 percent of the population living on farms and 50 percent of the population indigenous. Maize and beans are the main staple food in most households, with a per capita consumption of 9.4 kg per year. Since few other sources of protein are available, this amount is not sufficient to ensure an acceptable nutrition...

perpetuate old inequalities in modern dress, rather than bring about "positive diversity", is a reiterated theme of these articles. Another common theme is the inherently problematic nature of a mercantile model invoking "competition" and "customers". The vexed issue of knowledge creation surfaces again in Mel Bartley's investigation of the relationship between research and policy in the case o...