The proventriculus morphology of the cricket G/y//us assimilis Fabricius, 1775 is described using scanning electron microscopy and the con'elation ofthis structure with the feeding habits briefly considered.

Background: The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway involves in the pathogen recognition and defense against infection in mammals. Considering that avian and mammalian TLR are differentially mediated, the action of a natural product on avian TLR4 pathway was unclear. High, medium and low doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), were treated the chicken at 7-days-old age by gavage. The sIgA lev...

Three hundred one-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to five treatments with four replicates in a completely randomized design. Treatments supplemented with 0 (control), 400, 800, 1200 or 1600 ppb chromium in the form of chromium chloride. All birds were intramuscularly immunized with killed vaccine of Newcastle and Avian Influenza (H9 N2) virus at 8 d. On days 18 and 28 blood samp...

BACKGROUND The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway involves in the pathogen recognition and defense against infection in mammals. Considering that avian and mammalian TLR are differentially mediated, the action of a natural product on avian TLR4 pathway was unclear. High, medium and low doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), were treated the chicken at 7-days-old age by gavage. The sIgA leve...

The greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella Linnaeus, is a ubiquitous pest of the honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus, and Apis cerana Fabricius. The greater wax moth larvae burrow into the edge of unsealed cells with pollen, bee brood, and honey through to the midrib of honeybee comb. Burrowing larvae leave behind masses of webs which causes galleriasis and later absconding of colonies. The damage...

The effect of dietary thyme-oil extract (TOE) supplementation on immune functions of broilers were assessed by feeding graded levels (50, 100, 200, or 400 ppm) of TOE to male broiler chicks during a 42-d feeding trial compared with negative- or positive-control diets. Dietary control treatments included a negative-control diet with no feed-additive supplementation and 2 positive-control groups ...

Because of their better immunogenicity and the improved protection they afford, live attenuated vaccines derived from serial passaging in an abnormal host are widely used to protect humans or animals from certain pathogens. Here, we used a virulent and a chicken embryo-attenuated duck hepatitis A virus genotype 1 to compare the different regulated immune responses induced by viruses with differ...

Avian infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious disease of chickens. To study the differences of dynamic distribution between nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) strains such as SAIBK and other strains (the M41 and H120 strains), relative quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was developed by housekeeping gene selection. Glyceraldehyde-...

The pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes strain Scott A was studied by challenging day-old male turkey poults by air sac inoculation with tryptose phosphate broth containing 10(0) cfu (control), 10(4), 10(5), and 10(6) cfu (low challenge), or 10(7) and 10(8) cfu (high challenge) of the Scott A (serotype 4b) strain of L. monocytogenes. Mortality at 2 wk postinfection (PI) ranged from 25% for low cha...

The effects of different Ochratoxin A contaminated starter diets on the performance and some physiological parameters of broiler chicks K. Dublecz, A. Bányai, L. Pál, Á. Bartos, Sz. Tóth and L. Wágner, University of Veszprém, H8360 Keszthely , Deák F. u. 16. Hungary. E.mail: [email protected] Abstract Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite of several species of Aspergillus and Penicill...