Introduction Wedge modifiers are commonly applied in external beam radiotherapy to change the dose distribution corresponding to the body contour and to obtain a uniform dose distribution within the target volume. Since the radiation dose delivered to the target must be within ±5% of the prescribed dose, accurate dose calculation by a treatment planning system (TPS) is important. The objective ...

The 'GTP cap' of the microtubule has long been postulated to exist, but a recent experiment gives us the first quantitative measurements of the cap size in the cell.

Two-pore-domain potassium (K2P) channels have a large extracellular cap structure formed by two M1-P1 linkers, containing a cysteine for dimerization. However, this cysteine is not present in the TASK-1/3/5 subfamily. The functional role of the cap is poorly understood and it remained unclear whether K2P channels assemble in the domain-swapped orientation or not. Functional alanine-mutagenesis ...

The simplest way of adapting the 6-channel model (Fig 6) to model the data of Brewer et al. [1] is to introduce weak, saturable coupling between the channels, as shown in S6A Fig. The retarding of the 26.5 ng pulse seen in this model can be interpreted as follows: As the uptake increases, and hence the intracellular auxin concentrations rise, saturation makes the lateral permeability effectivel...

Introduction: Accurate calculation of equal square field size is important in radiation therapy and A factor, in the Vadash formula must be determine by considering collimator exchange effect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the best A factor, for calculation of equal square field size in treatment planning   Materials and Methods: A new...