Message passing programs commonly use buffers to avoid unnecessary synchronizations and to improve performance by overlapping communication with computation. Unfortunately, using buffers makes the program no longer portable, potentially unable to complete on systems without a sufficient number of buffers. Effective buffer use entails that the minimum number needed for a safe execution be alloca...

On-chip interconnection networks (OCINs) have emerged as a modular and scalable solution for wire delay constraints in deep submicron VLSI design. OCIN research has shown that the design of buffers in the router influences the energy consumption, area overhead, and overall performance of the network. In this paper, we propose a low-power low-area OCIN architecture by reducing the number of buff...

Chapters 26 and 27 presented buffering algorithms where the buffering problem was isolated from the general problem of timing closure. The main problem with this extraction is that there are not necessarily resources available to put the buffers or wires in their desired locations. One way to manage this flow is to put the buffers in their ideal locations and allow a legalization procedure to m...

Today, the large packet buffers present in backbone routers significantly increase their power consumption and design time. Recent models of networks with large buffers have suggested that these large buffers could be replaced with much smaller ones. Unfortunately, it turns out that these models are not valid anymore in networks with small buffers, and therefore cannot predict how these small-b...

Eight rumen-fistulated steers were randomly assigned to mediumand high-concentrate diets supplemented with O, .75, 2.5 and 5% of either sodium bicarbonate or an artificial saliva salts mixture. Each animal was fed for 21 d at 75 g dry matter/kg body weight 'Ts. Rates of soybean meal (SBM) degradation were predicted by adjusting digestion rates in nylon bags with respective passage rates of chro...

The map operation, in which a function is applied independently to each element in a collection to produce a new collection, appears in many settings and is easy to parallelize. While a straightforward implementation in hardware will consist of multiple functional units with buffers to balance variable execution times, the best trade-off between these two components is not obvious. Too many buf...

In this paper, we consider the message forwarding problem that consists in managing the network resources that are used to forward messages. Previous works on this problem provide solutions that either use a significant number of buffers (that is n buffers per processor, where n is the number of processors in the network) making the solution not scalable or, they reserve all the buffers from th...

The role of optical buffering in the development of all-optical cross-connects is discussed, followed by an analysis of fibre delay line implementations in optical buffers. It is shown that the traffic model plays an important part in the analyses of the systems, together with the traffic load, the use of internal buffer wavelengths, and the cross-connect architecture. Travelling buffers have s...

Riparian buffers, the vegetated region adjacent to streams and wetlands, are thought to be effective at intercepting and reducing nitrogen loads entering water bodies. Riparian buffer width is thought to be positively related to nitrogen removal effectiveness by influencing nitrogen retention or removal. We surveyed the scientific literature containing data on riparian buffers and nitrogen conc...

Programs written in C are inherently vulnerable to buffer overflow attacks. Functions are frequently passed pointers as parameters without any hint of their sizes. Since their sizes are unknown, most run time buffer overflow detection techniques instead rely on signatures of known attacks or loosely estimate the range of the referenced buffers. Although they are effective in detecting most atta...