Application of the ethoxy analog of rhizobitoxine (l-2-amino-4-[2'-aminoethoxy]-trans-3-butenoic acid), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, inhibited growth of apple, crabapple, and apricot buds released from dormancy by chilling or by treatment with benzyladenine. When tea crabapple (Malus hupehensis [Pamp.] Rehd.) buds were sprayed once with 8.8 x 10(-3)m benzyladenine, ethylene production...

Real-time budding dynamics of multicomponent, tubular lipid vesicles was investigated. By using a fluorescence microscope, three typical growth modes of the buds were observed, corresponding, respectively, to bud growth through coalescence between flat patches, a bud and a patch, as well as that of two buds. The spatial and temporal scales measured in the observation were used to estimate the b...

Taste bud quantitation may provide useful parameters for interspecies comparisons of the gustatory system. The present study is a morphometric analysis of bovine taste papillae. Circumvallate and fungiform papillae from six bovine tongues were serially sectioned and, following staining, analyzed. Circumvallate papillae were found to have a mean volume of 3.66 +/- 2.82 mm3, a mean number of tast...

one of the most important operations in managed gardens is pruned grapes. for evaluate the effect of pruning short, medium, heavy on yield and yield components of taif grapes, before and after the cold winter, in the years 2012 to 2013, a factorial experiment in a crbd design with five replicates were performed on two factors. the first factor was the number of buds per stem and included the th...

The gross morphology of the tongue of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus), the location of papillae and taste buds, and the normal innervation pattern of the tongue and taste buds were determined. The chorda tympani nerve was interrupted to produce degeneration of fungiform taste buds. Regenerating chorda tympani axons followed the original nerve pathways in the tongue en route to the f...

Protective floral structures may evolve in response to the negative effects of floral herbivores. For example, water calyces--liquid-filled, cup-like structures resulting from the fusion of sepals--may reduce floral herbivory by submerging buds during their development. Our observations of a water-calyx plant, Chrysothemis friedrichsthaliana (Gesneriaceae), revealed that buds were frequently at...

This study determined the difference in oil content from separated parts of clove buds, full bud with crown, without crown and dust (stamen style), only along market sample. Results showed that highest a crown. Oil yield varied buds different geographical regions wherein, Madagascar amount oil.

Nitrogen (N), auxin and cytokinins (CTKs) play important roles in regulating the growth of rice tiller buds. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and the relationships between them in the regulation of tiller bud growth in rice. In the present study, N and auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were used to regulate tiller bud growth in Nanjing 44 rice, a japonica cultivar. The ti...

Lychee (Litchi chinensis) has been analyzed for cytokinins in buds before and after flower bud differentiation, using reversephase high performance liquid chromatography in combination with Amaranthus bioassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring. Four cytokinins, zeatin, zeatin riboside, N(6)-(delta(2)-isopentenyl)adenine, and N(6)-(delta(6)-isopentenyl) adenine rib...

Dioecious plants in the Caryophyllaceae family are susceptible to infection by members of the anthericolous smut fungi. In our studies of the Silene latifolia/Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae pathosystem, we were interested in characterizing the plant-pathogen interaction at the molecular level before and during teliosporogenesis. This takes place during floral bud development, and we hoped to ca...