[1] A simple self-consistent model is proposed, which describes properties of the tail current sheet after the formation of a small plasmoid on the closed field lines in the magnetotail and its quick tailward retreat. Using a theory of forced magnetic reconnection, it is shown that the flux tube that contained a plasmoid becomes a plasma bubble, with the plasmoid being replaced by a thin curren...

In response to exercise performed before or after altitude decompression, physiological changes are suspected to affect the formation and growth of decompression bubbles. We hypothesized that the work to change the size of a bubble is done by gas pressure gradients in a macro- and microsystem of thermodynamic forces and that the number of bubbles formed through time follows a Poisson process. W...

The formation of nanoparticles within the laser-induced cavitation bubble is studied in situ using small angle X-ray scattering with high spatiotemporal resolution. Directly after laser ablation, two different particle fractions consisting of compact primary particles of 8-10 nm size and agglomerates of 40-60 nm size are formed. The abundance of these species is strongly influenced by the dynam...

Vascular bubble models, which present a realistic biophysical approach, hold great promise for devising suitable diver decompression procedures. Nanobubbles were found to nucleate on a flat hydrophobic surface, expanding to form bubbles after decompression. Such active hydrophobic spots (AHS) were formed from lung surfactants on the luminal aspect of ovine blood vessels. Many of the phenomena o...

During processing of glass using ultra-fast lasers the formation of bubble-like structures can be observed in several glass types such as fused silica. Their formation can be exploited to generate periodic gratings in glasses but for other glass processing techniques such as waveguide-writing or glass welding by ultra-fast lasers the bubble formation proves often detrimental. In this work we pr...

Bubble formation at two, three, four and six symmetrical ori&ces has been investigated by high-speed photography and analysis of chamber pressure 6uctuations. Regimes of synchronous, alternative and unsteady bubbling were clearly identi&ed, and the e7ects of ori&ce spacing and liquid depth on bubbling synchronicity and frequency were studied. Theoretical predictions of bubble frequency and aver...

The interaction of a laser-induced cavitation bubble with an elastic boundary and its dependence on the distance between bubble and boundary are investigated experimentally. The elastic boundary consists of a transparent polyacrylamide (PAA) gel with 80% water concentration with elastic modulus E = 0.25 MPa. At this Evalue, the deformation and rebound of the boundary is very pronounced providin...