PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine the extent of delay in acquisition of language, cognitive, and motor skills of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS Forty HIV-positive, antiretrovirus-naive children aged 18 to 30 months attending the Harriet Shezi Pediatric HIV clinic at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa, were assessed usin...

BACKGROUND Since mortality in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is decreasing, morbidity such as neurodevelopmental outcome is becoming increasingly important. OBJECTIVES We evaluated neurodevelopmental outcome in high-risk CDH patients treated according to the CDH EURO Consortium standardized treatment protocol. METHODS This observational, prospective cohort study was conducted in two ...

This study aimed to evaluate the validity of the ages and stages questionnaire in Korean (ASQ 1st edition, Korean Questionnaires, Seoul Community Rehabilitation Center, 2000) for premature infants. The study population consisted of 90 premature infants born between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, who were tested using the ASQ (Korean) and Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) (II) ...

The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was developed and validated originally by Russell and colleagues as an evaluative assessment of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The present study reports the results of reliability and validity testing of the GMFM for use with children with Down syndrome (DS). One hundred and twenty-three children with DS were assessed twice ove...

BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease caused by an alteration in retinal vasculogenesis that may lead to partial or complete vision loss with a harmful impact in terms of neurodevelopment. The purpose of the present study was to determine the neurodevelopment in patients with type i retinopathy of prematurity treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. MATERIAL AND METHODS ...

BACKGROUND The impact of treating electrographic seizures in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is unknown. METHODS Neonates ≥36 weeks with moderate or severe HIE were randomly assigned to either treatment of electrographic seizures alone (ESG) or treatment of clinical seizures (CSG). Conventional EEG video was monitored in both groups for up to 96 hours. Cumulative electrographic seizure ...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Infant Behavioral Assessment and Intervention Program (IBAIP) improves development and behavior in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants at 24-month corrected age. STUDY DESIGN In a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial 86 infants received postdischarge intervention until 6-month corrected age. The intervention consisted of supporting infants' self-regula...

OBJECTIVE To examine outcomes at age 4.5 years and compare to earlier ages in children with fetal antiepileptic drug (AED) exposure. METHODS The NEAD Study is an ongoing prospective observational multicenter study, which enrolled pregnant women with epilepsy on AED monotherapy (1999-2004) to determine if differential long-term neurodevelopmental effects exist across 4 commonly used AEDs (carb...

The first years of life comprise a critical developmental period that has implications for lifelong outcomes. The overall goal of this paper is to provide an empirically-based overview of parenting in a developing country setting and to measure the correlation between parenting behavior and children’s cognitive development. We randomly sampled 1442 infants aged 18–30 months living in 351 villag...

BACKGROUND Caste, a proxy of socioeconomic position, can influence the neurodevelopment of children through several pathways, including exposure to toxic elements. Studies from developing countries where caste is represented by prevailing caste groups and people are highly exposed to toxic elements can provide useful insights into the mechanisms of neurodevelopmental inequities among children. ...