Longidorus breviannulatus N o r t o n & Hoffmann, 1975 was described from corn in Iowa. Brome mosaic virus (BMV) was initially isolated in the Great Plains area of the United States from perennial brome grass, Bromus inermis. Infrequent localized outbreaks of BMV in barley were believed to result from mechanical inoculation by farm machinery moving across infected brome grass and into barley fi...

Prairie grasslands are very species rich but have declined in their extent considerably due to landuse change and exploitation. Many remaining prairie fragments are situated within an agricultural matrix and can be subjected to high levels of atmospheric ammonia deposition from animal units. Three prairie fragments in Minnesota that were located in close proximity to feedlots were selected, and...

Two in situ protein disappearance experiments were conducted to determine disappearance rates of leaf protein fractions and characterize individual leaf protein fractions that escaped ruminal degradation. Fresh leaf blades of two warm-season grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), and one cool-season grass, smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leys...

This study aims to explain the distribution, maturity and population structure of Meganyctiphanes norvegica and Thysanoessa inermis in springtime in relation to main hydrographic regions around Iceland: Atlantic in the southwest, Atlantic-Arctic mixture in the north and Arctic in the east. Krill were collected 14-29 May 2013 using a macrozooplankton trawl. Biomass of both species combined was s...

A cold-responsive chitinase gene, BiCHT1, was isolated from bromegrass (Bromus inermis) 'Manchar' suspension cells. BiCHT1 messenger RNA was detected at low levels in nonstressed bromegrass cells, whereas its accumulation was induced by incubation at 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C as detected by northern- and western-blot analyses. BiCHT1 was highly homologous to rye CHT9, known to encode an anti...

Many studies have suggested that South American camelids (SAC) have greater digestive efficiency than pecoran ruminants, but others have found no difference. In an effort to provide new data on this issue, we investigated the ability of SAC (alpacas and llamas), goats, horses, and rabbits to digest C3 (Bromus inermis) and C4 (Cynodon dactylon) grass hay with nearly equal nitrogen and cell wall ...

The European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), causes economic damage to corn, Zea mays L., throughout the Corn Belt. Because this insect has become the primary target of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) transgenic corn, current efforts addressing the management of O. nubilalis resistance to Bt corn require information on adult European corn borer dispersal and factors affecting its ...

Root activity can modify the chemistry of the rhizosphere and alter phosphorus (P) availability and uptake. However, until recently, relatively little was known about the dynamics of soil solution P at the root surface because of our inability to measure in situ changes in solution P at the plant root. A mini-rhizotron experiment with corn (Zea mays L. cv. Stine 2250), soybean [Glycine max (L.)...

Two grazing trials utilizing individually supplemented yearling steers were conducted to study the effect of supplemental escape protein on steer performance during the active growth periods, spring and fall, of smooth brome (Bromus inermis). Graded levels (0, .11, .23 and .34 kg.head-1.d-1) of an equal-protein-basis mixture of bloodmeal and corn gluten meal were offered daily, replacing corn s...

Question: How will global changes impact the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of competition? Hypothesis: Global changes that alter resource availability, such as rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, will alter the effects of competition on mean fitness and patterns of natural selection. Because species exhibit different growth responses to elevated CO2 and because differ...