One of the important challenges in geological storage of CO2 is predicting, monitoring, and managing the risk of leakage from natural and artificial pathways such as fractures, faults, and abandoned wells. The risk of leakage arises from the buoyancy of free-phase mobile CO2 (gas or supercritical fluid). When CO2 dissolves into formation brine, or is trapped as residual phase, buoyancy forces a...

Multistage Flash desalination is the most common process large-scale distillation process to produce freshwater from seawater. Its operation is energy intensive and essential for the maintenance of life support in regions with scarcity of water resources. Such plants need an efficient control system in order to be economically viable. Fortunately, the plant can be broken down into subsystems, w...

To investigate the potential for the geologic storage of CO2 in saline sedimentary aquifers, 1600 t of CO2 were injected at 1500 m depth into a 24-m-thick sandstone section of the Frio Formation, a regional brine and oil reservoir in the U.S. Gulf Coast. Fluid samples obtained from the injection and observation wells before CO2 injection showed a Na-CaCl–type brine with 93,000 mg/L total dissol...

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a major foodborne pathogen that causes severe disease in humans. Survival of E. coli O157:H7 during processing and storage of white brined cheese was investigated. Cheeses were prepared using pasteurized milk inoculated with a 4 strain E. coli O157:H7 cocktail (7 log(10) CFU/g) with or without yogurt starter culture (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Stre...

The effects of hydrodynamic pressure processing (HDP) on marination and meat quality characteristics of turkey breasts were investigated. Breast muscles from 45 turkey hens were removed from the carcasses within 30 min postmortem. From each bird, the breast from one side was treated with HDP and the other side served as a nontreated control. Breasts were then marinated in either 15 or 30% brine...

The ever increasing demand of water permits the need of alternative water sources for balancing the water supply and demand. Desalination has become a significant alternative water source due to growing demand of water and inadequate conventional water sources in many countries. Desalination is a process of removing excess salts and other dissolved solids from water in order to get clean water ...

of high quality at high concentration (2,3). The performance of the membrane-type chlor-alltali plant mainly depends on the cell design, the membrane, the quality of feed brine, and operating conditions. Of these, the brine quality is the key factor affecting the service life and the performIn the case of conversion from amalgam to membrane process, it is important to elucidate the effects of m...

The evolution of the main physico-chemical properties of the unflooded 90-cm-thick first-year sea-ice cover at the Ice Station POLarstern (ISPOL) ‘‘clean site’’ is described. ISPOL was an international experiment of the German research icebreaker R.V. Polarstern. The vessel was anchored to an ice floe for an observation period of 5 weeks, during the early summer melt onset in the Western Weddel...

The refractive index of freezing brine is important in order to, for example, estimate oceanic scattering as sea ice develops. Previously, no simple continuous expression was available for estimating the refractive index of brine at subzero temperatures. I show that extrapolation of the empirical formula for the refractive index of seawater by Quan and Fry [Appl. Opt.34, 3477 (1995)APOPAI0003-6...

The salting process is an important step in the manufacture of most cheese varieties. The salt in cheese has different functions, such as reduction of curd moisture, suppression of unwanted microorganisms, modification of flavour and texture and contribution to cheese ripening (Ibáñez et al. 1993; Mulvihill and McCarthy 1994; Laborda and Rubiolo 1999; Mulet et al. 1999). Therefore, in cheesemak...