Using a high-resolution regional climate model RegCM3, station and satellite observations, we have studied the spatial heterogeneity of climate variability over Java Island, Indonesia. Besides the well-known anomalous dry conditions that characterize the dry and transition seasons during an El Niño year, analysis of regional model output reveals a wet mountainous south versus dry northern plain...

Two Doppler LIght Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) systems have been operated by the Hong Kong Observaotry (HKO) at the Hong Kong International Ai rport (H KIA) for the det ection and alerting of low-level windshear to be encountered by the aircraft. The windshear al erting algorithm is based on the automatic identification of abrupt changes of headwinds along the glide paths of HKIA, which are me...

Abstract: A set of idealized cloud-permitting simulations is performed to explore the influence of small islands on precipitating convection as a function of large-scale wind speed. The islands are situated in a long, narrow ocean domain that is in radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) as a whole, constraining the domain-average precipitation. The island occupies a small part of the domain, so...

Intellectual Merit . Measurement of the f luxes of heat and materials that t ie geological forcing to biological response is central to addressing the major questions posed in the Endeavour Integrated Study Site implementation plan. We propose to acquire two sets of complementary observations: the vert ical f luxes of f luid mass, heat and sal t r ising from Endeavour Segment vent fields and th...

We examined the sea-breeze-initiated rainfall in Seoul Metropolitan area (SMA) on 6 July 2017 using weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. The model captures arrival of sea breeze front (SBF), development afternoon SMA, location maximum northeastern SMA reasonably well but overestimates subsequent rainfall. conducted sensitivity tests to better understand urban effect event. Through fact...

Sea breezes are important in a coastal urban climate; however, the impact of development on effects sea breezes, which decrease air temperature and increase humidity, has not been understood quantitatively. To quantitatively evaluate this Sendai, Japan over past twenty years, study analyzed heat balance mechanisms spaces based simulation results Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model coupled ...