| In this paper the Breeder Genetic Algorithms are compared against both serial and parallel Genetic Algorithms by using a wide range of optimisation functions taken from the literature. The aim is to investigate how the change of the tness function innuences their problem{ solving capabilities. The experimental ndings show that the Breeder Genetic Algorithms outperform the Genetic Algorithms c...

We use an inclusive fitness model to study the evolution of altruism in a patch-structured population in which there is positive probability of breeder survival from one generation to the next. We find first that breeder survival promotes altruism and second that there is a marked difference between benefits of fecundity and benefits of survival. Under the first altruism is more strongly favore...

Published data on 4-week-long administration of exogenous thyroxine in broiler breeder hens to decline the cold-induced ascites in their progeny suggest that the long-term maternal hyperthyroidism would affect egg quality characteristics traits in Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens. Seventy 47-w-old broiler breeder Cobb 500 hens (5 replicates and 7 hens each) were assigned in separate cages and allo...

The poultry industry has an important roll to supply food production by livestock protein in developing countries including Iran. The major sections in poultry production in Iran consists of broiler and laying production, broiler and laying breeder production, hatchery and line breeder production. Commercial productions in Iran have changed more or less during 1999-2003. The number of farms for...

Conflicting results have been published by different laboratories comparing the rate of intestinal calcium transport and concentration of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY): They have been reported to be greater, the same, or lower in the SHR than in the WKY. We tested the possibility that the conflict...

Received: Revised: Accepted: April 04, 2013 October 17, 2013 January 25, 2014 The present study was conducted to determine the macro mineral profile and biomarkers of oxidative stress in Cholistani cattle kept at a public farm and various villages in district Bahawalpur. For this purpose 90 blood samples were collected each from estrual, anestrous and repeat breeding cattle having different age...

Reaching tasks are popular tools for investigating the neural mechanisms of motor skill learning and recovery from brain damage in rodents, but there is considerable unexplained variability across studies using these tasks. We investigated whether breeder, batch effects, experimenter, time of year, weight and other factors contribute to differences in the acquisition and performance of a skille...

Th e aim of the present study was to determine diff erences of amount and composition of milk between conventional and organic systems in Istrian pramenka breed of sheep. Sum of the data included 838 conventional and 9238 organic samples of eweś milk. Each farm is classifi ed as organic from the date of entering in organic production. Before that date farms didń t show characteristics of organi...

The efficient and rapid production of a high-quality, pure beam of highly charged ions is at the heart of any radioactive ion beam facility. Whether an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source or an electron beam ion source (EBIS) is used to produce these highly charged ions, their operating characteristics will set the boundaries on the range of experiments which can be performed. In addi...

BACKGROUND Blood sucking mites are important avian ectoparasites which being found on bird species worldwide. Their presence are problematic for the producers either through potential direct effects on weight gain, egg production, sperm production in roosters or as nuisance pests on worker handle hens and eggs. The aim of this study was pointing out of the status of haematophagus mites. METHO...