The reversal of perpendicular magnetization (PM) by electric control is crucial for high-density integration low-power magnetic random-access memory. Although the spin-transfer torque and spin-orbit technologies have been used to switch a free layer with anisotropy, former has limited endurance because high current density directly through junction, while latter requires an external field or un...

Abstract In typical leak-before-break (LBB) analyses in the nuclear industry, uncracked piping normal operating forces and moments are applied a cracked-pipe analytical procedure to determine leakage, combined under condition safe shutdown earthquake seismic loading used fracture analysis predict margins on "failure". The International Piping Integrity Research Program (IPIRG) performed 1990 19...

flood frequency analysis is faced with the problem of data and information limitation in arid and semi-arid regions. particularly in these regions, the length of records is usually too short to ensure reliable quantile estimates. more than 75% of iran is located in arid and semi-arid regions and despite the low annual precipitation, often large floods occur. one way to provide more information ...

We establish unconditional ? $\Omega$ -results for all weighted even moments of primes in arithmetic progressions. also study the these and lower bounds under Generalized Riemann Hypothesis (GRH). Finally, GRH Linear Independence (LI), we prove an asymptotic associated limiting distribution, which, turn, indicates that our results are essentially best possible. Using probabilistic results, form...

In spin-orbit-coupled magnetic materials, the usually applied Curie-Weiss law can break down. This is due to potentially sharp temperature dependence of local moments. We therefore propose a modified formula suitable for analysis experimental susceptibility. show octahedrally coordinated materials ${d}^{5}$ filling that Weiss constant obtained from improved in excellent agreement with calculate...

in this paper a discrete big bang-big crunch algorithm is applied to optimal design of reinforced concrete planar frames under the gravity and lateral loads. optimization is based on aci 318-08 code. columns are assumed to resist axial loads and bending moments, while beams resist only bending moments. second-order effects are also considered for the compression members, and columns are checked...

In this work, we employ the two-fluid model under large eddy simulations (LES) framework to investigate liquid–liquid dispersions in stirred tanks. The population balance equation was solved by one primary and secondary particle method, which proven as identical one-node quadrature method of moments. First, Aiyer's break-age kernel investigated for its capability context chemical tank applicati...

Abstract This paper attempts to re-investigate the catching-up (stochastic convergence) hypothesis among the selected 16 OECD countries applying the time series approach of convergence hypothesis with annual data over one century. To reach this aim, we propose a model which specifies a trend function, incorporating both types of structural breaks – that is, sharp breaks and smooth shifts usin...