Acute secondary neuronal cell death, as seen in neurodegenerative disease, cerebral ischemia (stroke) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), drives spreading neurotoxicity into surrounding, undamaged, brain areas. This spreading toxicity occurs via two mechanisms, synaptic toxicity through hyperactivity, and excitotoxicity following the accumulation of extracellular glutamate. To date, there are no ...

Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1906641 In the originally published version of this article, data for histological evaluation CPDs toxicity in brain at CON-7d was duplicated Figure S18, instead correct image CPDs-1d being used. The figure is hereby corrected. authors apologize mistake and any inconvenience caused.

The anthelmintics ivermectin (IVM) and moxidectin (MOX) display differences in toxicity in several host species. Entrance into the brain is restricted by the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, while toxicity is mediated through the brain GABA(A) receptors. This study compared the toxicity of IVM and MOX in vivo and their interaction with GABA(A) receptors in vitro. Drug toxicity was asse...

Tf-CRM107 is a conjugate of transferrin and a point mutant of diphtheria toxin that selectively kills cells expressing high levels of the transferrin receptor. Tf-CRM107 has been infused intratumorally into patients with malignant brain tumors. Although approximately half of the patients exhibit tumor responses, patients receiving higher doses of Tf-CRM107 may develop magnetic resonance image (...

Nicotine, the major component of tobacco smoke (TS) and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vape, has been reported in some cases to be prodromal cerebrovascular toxicity as well a promoting factor for onset various neurological diseases. In conditions, pre-exposure nicotine can lead state compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, including altered BBB-related protein expression, BBB leakage, d...

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway leads to development several tumors, including medulloblastoma (MB), most common pediatric brain malignancy. Hh inhibitors acting on GLI1, final effector signaling, offer a valuable opportunity overcome pitfalls existing therapies treat Hh-driven cancers. In this study, toxicity, delivery, biodistribution, and anticancer efficacy Glabrescione B (...

A 4-year-old black boy was admitted to the hospital with vomiting, low-grade fever, and dehydration that were thought to be caused by viral gastroenteritis. He proceeded over the next 12 hours to rapidly deteriorate with brain herniation leading to brain death. The ultimate cause of death was found to be acute lead intoxication from a swallowed foreign body.

Organochlorine pesticides are used in some countries for malaria control and organophosphate pesticides are widely used in agriculture and in homes. Previous literature documents children's exposure to these chemicals both in utero and during development. Animal studies suggest that many of these chemicals are neurodevelopmental toxicants even in moderate doses, but there are few studies in hum...