Objective(s): To investigate the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 in early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and its mechanism. Materials and Methods: The SAH rat model was constructed and pre-treated with EGb761.The neurological function, severity of SAH, water content of brain tissue, damage degree of the blo...

objective(s):previous studies demonstrated a functional similarity between vertebrate and honey bee nervous systems. the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of heroin and iranian street kerack, a combination of heroin and caffeine, on sensory threshold and locomotor activity in honey bees. materials and methods: all drugs were given orally to honey bees 30 min before each experi...

Background: Addiction as a mental disorder has large adverse effects on brain health. It alters brain structure and deteriorates brain functionality. Impairment of brain cognition in drug addiction is illustrated in many previous works; however, olfactory perception in addiction and in particular the neuronal mechanisms of it are rarely studied. Methods: In this experiment, we recruited 20 he...

Traumatic brain injury is one of the leading causes morbidity and mortality throughout world. Its increasing incidence, in addition to its fundamental role development neurodegenerative disease, proves especially concerning. Despite extensive preclinical clinical studies, researchers have yet identify a safe effective neuroprotective strategy. Following trauma, secondary from molecular, metabol...

background: diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder worldwide. it imposes excessive psychological stress on patients which negatively affect the course of the disease. the brain-behavioral systems have a role in dealing with stressful events such as chronic disorders. objective: comparison the brain-behavioral systems and psychological distress in diabetic patients and non-diabetics. m...

Epilepsy is neurological disorders that afflict many people around the world with a higher prevalence rate in children and in low income countries. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is result from hippocampal sclerosis is a neurological disorder with difficult treatment. Stem cells can transform into any type of cells such as glial cells, consequently stem cells can use for medical treatment. Stem c...

it has been hypothesized that elevated plasma homocysteine (hcy) plays a role in the pathogenesis of alzheimer’s disease (ad) and age-related cognitive decline. the mechanism of hcy neurotoxicity in the brain is controversial as well hcy is a ligand of nmda receptor. memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of n-methyl-d-aspartate (nmda) receptors approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ...