PURPOSE Laser-based accelerated proton beams are unsuitable for clinical use because of their broad energy spectra. For this reason, it is essential to employ an energy selection system (ESS). The purpose of this study is to determine optimum parameters of the ESS which uses a varying magnetic field to generate Bragg-peak. METHODS We simulated an accelerated proton beams using radiation press...

Introduction: Many study shown the effectiveness dose enhancement with gold nanoparticles (GNPs), especially with low-energy x-rays. Recently, proton beam radiation therapy (PBRT) has attention as a treatment for tumors. The advantage in PBRT, which releases high dose at the controllable Bragg peak position that localized for Au target and the released dose increased in depth....

By means of first principles calculations, we compute the effective electron-phonon coupling constant G(0) governing the electron cooling in photoexcited bismuth. G(0) strongly increases as a function of electron temperature, which can be traced back to the semimetallic nature of bismuth. We also use a thermodynamical model to compute the time evolution of both electron and lattice temperatures...

A multiwavelength Brillouin/Raman distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser operating in the S-band region is proposed and demonstrated. The laser uses a 7.7 km long dispersion-shifted fiber with an effective mode area of 15 μm(2) as the Brillouin and Raman gain media simultaneously. Two 1420 nm laser diodes with a combined power of 372 mW are used as pump sources, while a fiber Bragg grating wit...

We report direct measurement of laser-induced ultrafast structural dynamics on the atomic time and length scales in a 20-nm Al film by taking real-time snapshots of transmission electron diffraction patterns. The damped single-mode breathing motion of the Al film along the surface normal was recorded as coherent and in-phase oscillations of all the Bragg peak positions, which had a period of 6....

The Proton Therapy Facility at TRIUMF is now in routine operation treating ocular tumours using 70 MeV protons extracted from the 500 MeV H cyclotron. This paper describes the proton beam line, treatment control and dosimetry systems which are designed to provide accurate treatment dose delivery. The reproducibility of the shape and range of the unmodulated Bragg peak for various operating cond...

Charge particle therapy with 12 C ions has the advantage of an enhancement in physical dose distribution due to the Bragg Peak (BP) related to higher Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) with respect to X-ray radiotherapy and proton therapy (2.5 for 12 C ions and 1.1 for protons) [1], [2]. The RBE of a 12 C therapeutic beam changes dramatically with depth, especially towards the end of the S...

We have used small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ac magnetic susceptibility to investigate the global magnetic field H vs temperature T phase diagram of a Nb single crystal in which a first-order transition of Bragg-glass melting (disordering), a peak effect, and surface superconductivity are all observable. It was found that the disappearance of the peak effect is directly related to a m...