Structural concrete exposed to marine environment deserves special attention as the diffused sea salts chemically react with harden cement matrix and forms various expansive/leachable compounds leading to loss of material, strength, cracking, spalling etc. This study cover the effect of sea water on the specimens cast from two grades of concrete exposed to simulated marine environment over a ye...

The evaluation of a simple and rapid tristimulus colorimetric method for the determination of arsenic in brackish waters and its application to brackish water samples taken from brackish Lake Nakaumi are described. The determinations of arsenic in brackish water samples were made satisfactorily independent of sample salinity. By applying this method to lake water samples, the distributions and ...

BACKGROUND: Members of the genus Gyrodactylus species are one of the extensive groups of monogenean ectoparasites which parasitize marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of the present study is the identification and diagnosis of the Gyrodactylus specsies on the fishes in certain rivers in the southwest of the Caspian Sea basin. METHODS: The field investigations ...

Habitat use patterns of 3 species of temperate eels, Anguilla anguilla, A. japonica and A. rostrata, were investigated using otolith strontium:calcium ratio life history transects. Published and unpublished data from 6 sites (Canada, United States, Sweden, France, Taiwan and Japan) sampled across the geographical range of each eel species were compiled. Sr:Ca patterns indicated that the 3 speci...

We present here the findings from a study of the microbiome of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea, the largest water body on Earth disconnected from any ocean and a brackish inland sea. By high-throughput metagenomics, we were able to reconstruct the genomes of representative microbes. The gross community structure (at the phylum level) was different from the structure of typical marine and ...

BACKGROUND Parasites significantly alter topological metrics describing food web structure, yet few studies have explored the relationship between food web topology and parasite diversity. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This study uses quantitative metrics describing network structure to investigate the relationship between the topology of the host food web and parasite diversity. Food webs were ...

We investigated seasonal differences in community structure and activity (leucine incorporation) of the planktonic bacterial assemblage in the freshwater and brackish-water zones of a shallow coastal lagoon of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Alphaproteobacteria formed the dominant microbial group in both zones throughout the sampling period. After an intrusion of marine water, members of the S...

Survival of vertebrates in hypertonic environments such as the sea is opposed by diffusional loss of water and gain of sodium, and is aided by physical barriers to such diffusion along with the ability to transport ions actively. The energy expenditure for active transport obviously must be related to the efficiency of the physical barriers that impede diffusion. The description of these proces...

INTRODUCTION Although the salmon is probably the best known euryhaline fish, for the first 2 or 3 years of its life it is stenohaline. The salmon becomes euryhaline only in the smolt stage, the process of 'smoltification' taking place in April or May in fish 2 or 3 years old, although a proportion of late parr can tolerate sea water. In recent years a more detailed picture has emerged of salt a...