trace function 45, 46-48, 50, 51, 56, 62, 64 adapted stratification 12, 24, 26, 37, 38, 46, 48, 63, 121, 408 additive character sums 2, 7, 8, 111-158, 161-183, 270-280, 427-428 analytic rank 8, 443, 444, 445, 447, 449, 451, 453 analytic rank, geometric see "geometric analytic rank" analytic rank, quadratic see "quadratic analytic rank" Analytic Rank Theorem 445, 450-454 approximate trace fu...