We present a particular way of building ontologies that proceeds in a bottom-up fashion. Concepts are defined in a way that mirrors the way their instances are composed out of smaller objects. The smaller objects themselves may also be modeled as being composed. Bottom-up ontologies are flexible through the use of implicit and, hence, parsimonious part-whole and subconceptsuperconcept relations...

Traditional top down specialisation techniques are not optimal to spe-cialise programs containing a lot of internal structure handling, such as programs containing abstract data types or meta programs. In this abstract , we discuss the diiculties top down specialisers have when special-ising these kinds of programs. The diiculties arise from the fact that unfolding works in a top down way, wher...

In this work we analyze the relevance of the different low energy phases for the CP asymmetry of the Universe. To this end, we develop a parametrization of the see-saw mechanism in terms of low energy data that will allow us to study leptogenesis from a bottom-up perspective. We find that the relevant phases for leptogenesis depend on the particular scenario, and we classify the different possi...

We introduce the concept of bisimulation between Datalog goals using bottom-up evaluation technique: two Datalog goals are bisimilar with respect to a given Datalog program equipped with a bottom-up evaluation technique when their resolution trees are bisimilar. We define the notion of a resolution tree and we address the problem of deciding whether two given goals are bisimilar with respect to...

In this work, we present a new bottom-up algorithm for decision tree pruning that is very eecient (requiring only a single pass through the given tree), and prove a strong performance guarantee for the generalization error of the resulting pruned tree. We work in the typical setting in which the given tree T may have been derived from the given training sample S, and thus may badly overrt S. In...

Electronics obtained through the bottom-up approach of molecular-level control of material composition and structure may lead to devices and fabrication strategies not possible with top-down methods. This review presents a brief summary of bottom-up and hybrid bottom-up/top-down strategies for nanoelectronics with an emphasis on memories based on the crossbar motif. First, we will discuss repre...

background and aim: aging is accompanied with changes in cognitive capacities. in spite of advances in neural imaging technologies, there is not a straightforward method to observe cognitive functions. for assessing brain functions, researchers mainly use psychometric tests. the aim of this study was using consonant-vowel (cv) dichotic test as a non-invasive behavioral test for auditory attenti...

The aim of this study was to compare the production of nanocrystals of a poorly watersoluble antioxidant, quercetin, by top-down and bottom-up techniques. The top-down method used was high pressure homogenization (HPH) and bottom-up method of evaporative precipitation of nanosuspension (EPN) was used and the products from both these methods were compared. The particle size of the original drug ...

This paper describes a method for converting a task-dependent grammar into a word predictor of a speech understanding system, Since tile word prediction is a top-down operation, le f t recursive rules induces an i n f i n i t e looping. We have solved this problem by applying an algorithm for bottom-up parsing,

This paper addresses the problems of movement transformation in Prolog-based bottom-up parsing system. Three principles of Government-Binding theory are employed to deal with these problems. They are Empty Category Principle, C-command Principle, and Subjacency Principle. A formalism based upon them is proposed. Translation algorithms are given to add these linguistic principles to the general ...