As a result of the decreasing availability of authorized plant protection products, adequate pest control becomes more difficult in many ornamental crops and almost no information is available about the optimization of spray application techniques in ornamental crops. Yet, spray boom systems—instead of the still predominantly used spray guns—might improve crop protection management in greenhous...

ABSTRACT Weather conditions and sprayer operating parameters influence spray quality. Unmanned aerial vehicles are considered a modern, useful, very efficient technological tool in the application of pesticides, as they carry out punctual spraying, reduce environmental public health problems. The objective this study was to characterize spraying quality carried with an unmanned vehicle function...

When making an application of any crop protection material such as an herbicide or pesticide, the applicator uses a variety of skills and information to make an application so that the material reaches the target site (i.e., plant). Information critical in this process is the droplet size that a particular spray nozzle, spray pressure, and spray solution combination generates, as droplet size g...

This research was conducted with the goal of clarifying the required conditions of water-saving showerheads. In order to this, the research analyzes the mutual relationship between water usage flow, the level of satisfaction and the physical properties of spray of showerheads. The physical properties of spray were measured using physical properties test apparatus of standard or scheme for water...

Disclaimer: The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Water spray characteristics, including droplet size and velocity, airborne dust capture potential, and induced airflow quantity for various spray nozzle designs were evaluated to provide basic information for ...

PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to prepare inhalable co-spray dried powders of salmon calcitonin loaded chitosan nanoparticles (sCT-CS-NPs) with mannitol and investigate pulmonary absorption in rats. METHODS The sCT-CS-NPs were prepared by the ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking polyion. Inhalable dry powders were obtained by co-spray drying a...

Cryogen spray cooling (CSC) is a spatially selective heat transfer technique that provides epidermal protection during laser treatment of selected dermatoses, such as port wine stain (PWS) birthmarks. Most numerical studies of CSC-assisted PWS therapies to date assume constant cooling conditions at the skin surface. In the present study, however, we show that cooling conditions at the skin surf...

Commercially available controls for reducing worker exposure to paint overspray were evaluated in six autobody shops and a spray-painting equipment manufacturer's test facility. Engineering control measures included spray-painting booths, vehicle preparation stations, and spray-painting guns. The controls were evaluated by measuring particulate overspray concentrations in the worker's breathing...

Droplet transport processes that occur in fuel sprays and spray flames were examined using laser velocimetry, phase Doppler interferometry, and laser sheet beam photography. Droplet size and velocity (axial and radial) distributions were obtained in a swirl-stabilized, pressure-atomized kerosene spray under nonburning and burning conditions. The results show that the introduction of swirl to th...

Charged particulate spray systems are common in many industrial and manufacturing processes. Using externally applied electromagnetic fields – the dynamics of these particulate sprays can be altered to achieve improved functionality and access to spray-sites that are hard to reach. With such an alteration the spray-particulate dynamics can become non-intuitive – thereby motivating a physically ...