Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease transmitted by several tick species, especially Amblyomma spp caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis. E. chaffeensis is an obligatory intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. Two additional Ehrlichia spp, Anaplasma (formerly Ehr...

chickpea blight caused by didymella rabiei is considered as the most important disease of chickpea in kermanshah province. the disease is seed borne in addition to being persistent on infected residues, secondary infection taking place through pycnidiospores. in laboratory tests, the effects of six fungicides were tested at : 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ?g.a.i.ml-1 csma(chickpea seed meal ag...

Identifying Borrelia burgdorferi as the causative agent of Lyme disease in 1981 was a watershed moment in understanding the major impact that tick-borne zoonoses can have on public health worldwide, particularly in Europe and the USA. The medical importance of tick-borne diseases has long since been acknowledged, yet little is known regarding the occurrence of emerging tick-borne pathogens such...

establishment of a vector-borne disease. For example, tick-derived saliva factors appear to inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion thus preventing efficient immune responses against tick-borne Rickettsia (4); a defined molecule in the saliva of the Aedes aegypti mosquito (SAAG-4) has the potential to alter the Th-profile of the bite-induced immune response likely rendering the host unable to e...

The number of endemic mosquito-borne infections in -Europe is substantial; some, such as West Nile virus give rise to periodic epidemic outbreaks while others cause only sporadic clinical cases of disease. Overall, there is a rising trend in the number of infections, especially of the arboviruses. Malaria which had been eradicated in Europe by 1975 following the initiation of the WHO eradicatio...

Consumption of contaminated seafoods is a major cause of death and hospitalization particularly in poor and developing countries. As with other food types, seafoods are also not free of food-borne pathogens and several risk factors are associated with its consumption. Regarding seafoods, there are regulatory hygienic alerts in importing countries. This paper briefly reviews the occurrence of se...

To understand the epidemiology of tick infestation and tick-borne diseases in pet dogs in south-eastern China and to develop a reference for their prevention and treatment, we collected 1550 ticks parasitizing 562 dogs in 122 veterinary clinics from 20 cities of south-eastern China. Dogs were tested for common tick-borne pathogens; collected ticks were identified and processed for the detection...

there are several important mosquito borne infectious disease in the tropical countries. chikungunya virus infection is an important arbovirus in this group. we hereby used a standard medicogeographical analysis to assess the correlation between prevalence of chikungunya virus infection and rainfall in the endemic area of thailand, the southern region. in this work, the correlation was poor but...

The increasing threat of arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu (USUV) requires the fast efficient surveillance these viruses. examination mosquitoes takes up an important part; however, investigations are usually very time-consuming. An alternative sample type for arbovirus might be mosquito excreta. In order to determine excretion dynamics under laboratory conditions, colonies Ae...

In a two year prospective survey of outbreaks of salmonella infection in hospitals in England and Wales 55 outbreaks were identified. Reports of investigation of these outbreaks were reviewed for evidence of food borne infection and cross infection. Food borne infection probably accounted for only six outbreaks, but these made up 40% of the 15 outbreaks in which there were more than five patien...