introduction: the purpose of the present study was to record their pain sensation and to assess children`s reaction objectively and subjectively while receiving dental local anesthesia with 27- and 30-gauge needles. methods: forty children (24 boys and 16 girls) participated in this study. a random double-blinded crossover design was used so that each child served as his or her own control, rec...

This paper investigates the time series properties of fighting and scoring in the National Hockey League from 1957-2013. The empirical analysis focuses on identifying structural breaks in the various time series and correlating these breaks with rule changes in the NHL, especially those that focus on fighting. We find that player behavior in the areas of fighting and scoring changed structurall...

Despite likely strong medium-term growth prospects for many poor countries, there will remain serious pockets of poverty for the foreseeable future. People in these pockets are unhealthy, uneducated and low income. Interventions to improve health in these pockets, by targeting child mortality, are appealing as ways to increase welfare, and a package of health measures is likely to have more eff...

In this paper, we characterize local $T_{0}$ and $T_{1}$ quantale-valued gauge spaces, show how these concepts are related to each other and apply them to $mathcal{L}$-approach distance spaces and $mathcal{L}$-approach system spaces. Furthermore, we give the characterization of a closed point and $D$-connectedness in quantale-valued gauge spaces. Finally, we compare all these concepts to each o...

The BFT approach is used to formulate the electronic states in graphene through a non-commutative space in the presence of a constant magnetic field B for the first time. In this regard, we introduce a second class of constrained system, which is not gauge symmetric but by applying BFT method and extending phase space, the second class constraints  converts  to the first class constraints so th...

the main goal of this paper is to propose a new practical method for hydrologic soil group estimation in surface runoff process based on geomorphology facieses and slop. the determination of cn based on this method can reduce the time and cost of project. in this research the upstream rivers of glinak watershed have been used as a case study to examine the efficiency of proposed method with a c...

a rain gauge network should serve general as well as specific purposes such as water supply, hydropowergeneration, flood forecasting, irrigation, and flood control. the level of accuracy a network can achieve depends onthe number and locations of gauges in the network. in this study, a rain gauge network was designed for hormozganprovince in the south of iran. monthly rainfall totals from 124 r...

In this paper, the MEMS type ionization gauge with no X-Ray limitations has been presented. Having the dimensions of 2.4 mm× 0.8mm × 1.4 mm, the designed gauge is 9000 times smaller than the conventional type and can operate in HV and UHV pressures up to 5×10-9 torr. Operating at the temperature of 750°C, the cathode of proposed gauge is implemented using nickel and works in a way in...