The increasing use of orthopedic implants and, in particular, of hip and knee joint replacements for young and active patients, has stimulated interest and concern regarding the chronic, long-term effects of the materials used. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the adverse biologic reactions to metal particles released from orthopaedic implants in vivo and in vitro. More specifica...

OBJECTIVE Compare the percentage of bone neoformation promoted by autologous bone grafting and three kinds of replacement materials with different characteristics in rats' femoral holes. METHODS Two holes measuring 5.4×2.7mm, were produced on each femur (right and left) of 14 isogenic Wistar rats. Each of the four defects produced was filled by autologous bone or by one of three tested materi...

BACKGROUND The past years have seen the development of many synthetic bone replacements. To test their biocompatibility and ability for osseointegration, osseoinduction and -conduction requires their placement within bone preferably in an animal experiment of a higher species. METHODS A suitable experimental animal model in sheep with drill holes of 8 mm diameter and 13 mm depth within the pr...

Stem cells are self-renewing cells that can be differentiated into other cell types. Conventional in vitro models for studying stem cells differentiation are usually preformed in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. The design of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models which ideally are supposed to mimic the in vivo stem cells microenvironment is potentially useful for inducing stem cell derived tissu...

OBJECTIVES The loss of ovarian function in women through aging or oophorectomy is often associated with the development of vaginal hyperalgesia that can be alleviated with estrogen replacement. This study examined if ovariectomy in rats would similarly give rise to vaginal hyperalgesia, and, if so, whether estrogen replacement would alleviate it. METHODS Female rats were trained to perform an...

Ti prosthesis have shown better biological compatibility, mechanical performance, and resistance to corrosion in cases of bone replacements. Nevertheless, fully dense connection with bone-host tissues show stress-shielding phenomenon that, together the development frequent undesirable microbial infections, may lead implant failures. To overcome these issues, present study aimed at a novel combi...

For the treatment of bone defects, biodegradable, compressive biomaterials are needed as replacements that degrade regenerates. The problem with existing materials has either been their insufficient mechanical strength or excessive differences in elastic modulus, leading to stress shielding and eventual failure. In this study, CPC ceramics (with a layer thickness more than 12 layers) was compar...

Uncemented hip replacement matches the best results of classic cemented replacements. With the aim of preserving bone and soft tissue, implants with shorter stems and proximal metaphyseal support have been developed. Likewise, the lack of distal load should avoid cortical diaphyseal remodelling phenomena and the thigh pain of some cylindrical and wedge implants. The resurfacing implant, very po...

Adverse reaction to metal debris (ARMD) is an issue in metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip replacements (THR). It mainly affects large-head MoM THR, whereas 28–32 mm pairings are associated with low long-term revision rates. However, the bearing surface not necessarily only cause of debris. This report documents advanced analysis retrievals a particular trunnionosis late failure small diameter THR a...

With the rapid development of orthopedic implant technology, various bone implant surgeries and procedures (such as bone fractures, repairing defects, and hip and knee replacements) are routinely performed. Although these surgeries are usually successful operations for up to 15 years, implant failure due to loosening of the prostheses does occur for active or heavy patients. Other patients rece...