PURPOSE OF REVIEW Bone fracture healing is a complex physiological process relying on numerous cell types and signals. Inflammatory factors secreted by immune cells help to control recruitment, proliferation, differentiation, and activation of hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells. Within this review we will discuss the functional role of immune cells as it pertains to bone fracture healing. In d...

Metaphysis cancellous bone fracture is one of the most common fracture types in clinical orthopedic practice. The specialized healing process of cancellous bone fracture has long been ignored by the academic society. Comparing with diaphyseal cortical bone healing, cancellous bone healing showed less bone tissue necrosis, barely any hematoma formation, limited inflammation events and no externa...

To asses fracture risk, bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the most commonly used tool. The search for clinical risk factors is also advised and can provide a 10-year fracture probability (FRAX model). Another important determinant of bone strength is bone remodeling. High bone remodeling rates have been associated with a higher fracture risk and bo...

conclusions time plays an important role in treatment results of femoral neck fractures. to treat the fractures, closed reduction and fixation using cannulated screws may still be the best option. objectives the present study aimed to evaluate long-term results of delayed fixation of femoral neck fractures using cannulated screws. patients and methods this retrospective descriptive-analytical s...

subchondral insufficiency fracture of the femoral head (siffh) is characterized by acute onset hip pain without overt trauma. it appears as a low intensity band with bone marrow edema on t1-weighted mri. the most common course of treatment is protected weight bearing for a period of several weeks. total hip arthroplasty (tha) has been commonly used if the patient does not respond to the initial...

in this paper, an efficient algorithm is proposed for detection of vertical root fractures (vrfs) in periapical (pa), and cone-beam computed tomography (cbct) radiographs of nonendodontically treated premolar teeth. pa and cbct images are divided into some sub-categories based on the fracture space between the two fragments as small, medium, and large for pas and large for cbcts. these graphics...

a 64-year-old woman, with amyloid related kidney failure (on renal dialysis) had a bone scan because of pain in the right upper femur. the 99m tc-mdp images revealed marked hepatic uptake. in addition, there was right proximal femoral concentration of radiotracer, which corresponded to a fracture site. as an added finding, the same femor demonstrated circumferential uptake at the lower pole. th...

background: the fracture of the mandible is the second most common facial bone injury.  when this injury occurs, it could be serious with complications that may even result in death.   objective: to evaluate the current trends in mandibular fracture (mf) in southern iran.   methods: in a cross-sectional study, several parameters including age, sex, cause of fracture, anatomical site of fracture...

The association between hip fracture and reduced bone mineral density is well documented, with reduced bone mineral density predisposing to fracture. However, it is unknown whether an association exists between the magnitude of bone density lost and the severity of the hip fracture sustained. One hundred forty-two patients (96 women, 46 men) with a mean age of 74 years (range, 49-92 years) who ...

of vitamin K were not affected by fractures in its acute phase. Bone formation markers did not change during the acute phase of hip fracture. Bone resorption markers increased on the third day. Biochemical markers of bone turnover were not affected for at least 48 h after fracture. Therefore, the values of those measurements during the first 48 h after fracture appear to reflect bone metabolism...