There are many gene products reported to promote osteoblast differentiation and thus increase bone formation, but only the transcription factor Runx2 and members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of growth/differentiation factors have been shown to be absolute requirements for osteogenesis. Mice lacking the transcription factor Runx2 (also known as cbfa1) develop no bone. Similarly...

Replacement of nonvascular cartilage by bone and bone marrow is a critical step in bone development. In a recent issue of Developmental Cell, Maes et al. (2010) report that a distinct population of immature precursors of bone-forming cells migrate into the cartilage in intimate association with invading blood vessels.

conclusion for the identification of nasal bone fractures, ct was significantly superior to conventional radiography. although a staff radiologist showed better values in the identification of nasal bone fracture and differentiation between depressed and non-depressed fractures than a trainee, there was no statistically significant difference in the interpretation of conventional radiography an...