Graz University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Petersgasse 12, A6 8010 Graz, Austria; Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Messeweg 11, D-38104 Braunschweig, 7 Germany, Kawanda Agricultural Research Institute, National Banana Research Program, 8 Uganda; Makerere University, Department of Agricultural Production, College of 9 Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Uganda and B...

The author contends that sex differentials in childhood mortality in Pakistan are a likely outcome of son preference behavior by parents. Consideration is given to the historical improvement in the female disadvantage in mortality, the neglect of female children, gender and class factors, and son preference and high fertility. Data are from the 1981 Pakistan census and other official surveys....

comparing the islamic logic and jurisprudential principles, and basedon the separation between minor and major authorities (hujjiyyatsughrawi wa kubrawi), it can be proved that (1) minor authority ofsuitable verbal text per nexum (al-mantuq al-muwafiq al-iltizami),minor authority of suitable concept per nexum (al-mafhum al-muwafiqal-iltizami), and minor authority of contrary concept (al-mafhum ...

tawfiq al-hakim is one of the proficient authors in history of egypt’s literature. he has so much worked inliterature, intellectual and cultural concepts. he was a craftsman author .it can say that he is dramatistic literature’s father of egypt and arab and one of the founders of the dramatic art, novel and short story in contemporary literature. tawfiq al-hakim had special attention to human a...

some logicians as avicenna, khaja nasir al-din tusi, and dabiran katebi believe that denotation (dilala) is dependent on volition (irada), and as long as there is no volition, there is no denotation. some others like qutb al-din razi completely reject this idea and maintain that denotation merely depends on “knowledge of designation” (al-ilm bi al-wad’). some of methodologicians of jurisprudenc...