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BACKGROUND Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is an infrequent disease with a variety of causes. Pregnancy, puerperium, contraceptive pills and intracranial infections are the most common causes. The patient may present with headache, focal neurological deficits and seizures.The clinical outcome is highly variable and treatment with heparin is advised. CASE PRESENTATION The patient is a 22 year...

The current study reports the development and psychometrics of a figure rating scale with leanness and muscularity dimensions and a 13-item questionnaire assessing symptoms associated with muscle dysmorphia (MD). Three separate samples of men and women completed the muscle dysmorphic disorder inventory (MDDI), the bodybuilder image grid (BIG) or both to measure 1-week test-retest reliability, i...

INTRODUCTION Synthol is a site enhancement oil used by bodybuilders to boost the cosmetic appearance of muscles. Here, we describe the case of a patient with severe side effects following repeated intramuscular injections of synthol in his right biceps muscle. CASE PRESENTATION A 29-year-old Middle Eastern male bodybuilder, following intramuscular injections of synthol five years ago, present...

Kummell disease (KD) is a rare cause of vertebral fracture due to osteonecrosis. The natural history the characterized by previous minor trauma, subclinical window period, and then symptomatic period presenting with disabling pain, kyphosis, or neurologic deficit. As an important but non-discogenic cauda equina syndrome. Here, we report on wheelchair-bound 28-years-old bodybuilder man KD who pr...