Several models have been proposed and used to analyse the tritium release from ceramic breeder blankets. The transient models range from single-mechanism types of models to comprehensive, fully integrated models over a blanket spatial location, including all the key transport mechanisms, as well as local spatial temperature gradients. This paper considers different models available for analysis...

[1] Soil pipes were surveyed in 160 British blanket peat catchments using consistent application of ground-penetrating radar. Soil pipes were found in all catchments. The mean frequency of piping was 69 per kilometer of surveyed transect. Land management (moorland gripping) appears to exert the most important control on hillslope pipe frequency in blanket peats. Management practice in peatlands...

To really use the fusion energy and make the fusion energy as a main energy in the world could need more than 50 years. The construction of ITER starts the real course to realize the peaceful use of the fusion energy. It means the technologies developed in the world are feasible to built fusion facilities or reactors with fusion core plasmas. Based on the technologies nowadays, a concept of mul...

Learning Markov blanket (MB) structures has proven useful in performing feature selection, learning Bayesian networks (BNs), and discovering causal relationships. We present a formula for efficiently determining the number of MB structures given a target variable and a set of other variables. As expected, the number of MB structures grows exponentially. However, we show quantitatively that ther...

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This paper explores the way in which society in general and economists in particular deal with fundamental uncertainty. It is argued that uncertainty is interdependent with the evolution of institutions and behavior, including that designed to help society cope with uncertainty. While some mainstream theory does address uncertainty, it employs a much narrower concept than fundamental uncertaint...

This paper presents a heuristic proof (and simulations of a primordial soup) suggesting that life-or biological self-organization-is an inevitable and emergent property of any (ergodic) random dynamical system that possesses a Markov blanket. This conclusion is based on the following arguments: if the coupling among an ensemble of dynamical systems is mediated by short-range forces, then the st...

Introduction The vegetation on the outer north coast of British Columbia is largely a complex mixture of blanket bog and upland forest. The upland forest consists of several types, including lower productivity redcedardominated stands. For the most part these redcedar forests have little or no history of forest harvesting. In recent years, however, interest has grown in determining whether thes...

We measured groundwater apparent age (s) and seepage rate (v) in a sandy streambed using point-scale sampling and seepage blankets (a novel seepage meter). We found very similar MTT estimates from streambed point sampling in a 58 m reach (29 years) and a 2.5 km reach (31 years). The TTD for groundwater discharging to the stream was best fit by a gamma distribution model and was very similar for...

The neutronics activities for SPPS included the determination of the blanket dimensions that provide tritium self-sufficiency, radiation damage to the structural materials, lifetime of the in-vessel components, radiation level at the superconducting magnets, and shielding requirements for magnet protection. The neutron wall loading varies in both poloidal and toroidal directions. For an average...