The ubiquitous clumpy state of the ISM raises a fundamental and open problem of physics, which is the correct statistical treatment of systems dominated by long range interactions. A simple solvable hierarchical model is presented which explains why systems dominated by gravity prefer to adopt a fractal dimension around 2 or less, like the cold ISM and large scale structures. This has direct re...

In this article, the authors examine the conceptualisation of Psychology of Black Identity as a multidimensional and a dynamic construct that develops over time through a process of exploration and commitment. The design of the current paper was a conceptual work based on reviewed literature ranging from the early 1930s to present (2010). The authors review research on Psychology of Black Ident...

The beautiful structural colors in bird feathers are some of the brightest colors in nature, and some of these colors are created by arrays of melanin granules that act as both structural colors and scattering absorbers. Inspired by the color of bird feathers, high-visibility structural colors have been created by altering four variables: size, blackness, refractive index, and arrangement of th...

Total number concentrations, number concentrations of ultra"ne (0.01}0.1 m) and accumulation (0.1}0.5 m) particles, as well as mass concentration of PM particles and blackness of PM "lters, which is related to Black Smoke were simultaneously monitored in three European cities during the winter period for three and a half months. The purpose of the study was to describe the di!erences in concent...

Human visual system (HVM) can quickly localize the most salient object in scenes, which has been widely applied on natural image recognition [15]-[19]. In ultrasound (US) breast images, compared with surrounding areas, tumor is more salient because of its higher contrast. In this paper, we develop a novel automatic localization method based on HVM for automatic segmentation of US breast tumors....

Professor Michele Goodwin’s essay here (and the article from which it came, to be published in full our Winter issue) explicitly identifies development of American law as a project cementing racial caste. This piece is call for conversation and asks us all consider: “How has failure acknowledge address carnage prurience America’s origin story impacted life today?” For 26 volumes, we have attemp...