there are numerous problems for using essential oil due to its low solubility in water, high vapor pressure and chemical and physical instability. use of nano-emulsions is a good idea for decreasing side effect of the essential oils and enhance their efficiency as well as delivery to hot spot. in addition, nano-emulsion system make smaller size particles and increase stability and shelf-life of...

This study is the beginning of a thesis dealing with the ability of electromagnetic methods based on waves propagation, to replace nuclear ones for measuring the compaction of bituminous mixtures. We study here the permittivity variation in function of compaction level of bituminous samples. For one part, a network analyzer with cylindrical cavities is used to obtain the permittivities of dry b...

A satisfactory bituminous mix should have aggregate gradation, which will ensure maximum density and minimum voids in the mix to fulfill requirements of bituminous mix design specifications. In India organizations such as Indian Roads Congress and Ministry of Surface Transport (MOST) [1] have laid down specifications regarding the range of percentage passing of different size of aggregate in th...

One day in my life concerning coal quality has struck me more than most. We asked a group of utility and power plant people what properties of coal they liked and what caused them concern. As each person provided their response you could see that each had their own view. Some wanted dustless coal, others coal that has good flow through chutes. Many wanted large, lumpy coals, the engineers wante...

Selected carbon-rich refinery residues ('binders') mixed with mineral particles can form composite materials ('bituminous concrete') with bulk mechanical properties comparable to those of cement concrete. The microstructural mechanism underlying the remarkable composite properties has been related to the appearance of a rigid percolating network consisting of asphaltenes and mineral particles [...

Hydrophobically modified chitooligosaccharides (COSs) were tested for suitability as an emulsifier in cationic bituminous emulsions. COSs with polymerization degrees (DPs) of 5, 10, 15, and 20 obtained by nitrous acid deamination. A complete study on depolymerization precise product side characterization was undergone. Chemical modification performed to achieve amphiphilic structures using thre...

Abstract This article is detected to the assessment of durable deformations recycled mixtures made foamed bitumen (MCAS) and emulsion (MCE). In basic part research analyses, attention was focused on determining scale three-component composition modifying rheological phenomena other selected features considering various methods bituminous binder proportioning. Cement, hydrated lime, dusts from c...

To produce cationic bitumen emulsions, is used, whose penetration not lower than 90 mm-1. Such has a small plasticity interval, which leads to deterioration in its heat resistance at elevated temperatures and narrows the scope of application emulsions based on it. Based review emulsion modification methods, been proposed that involves mixing finished with aqueous latex. The process interaction ...

Lignin fibers typically influence the mixture performance of stone matrix asphalt (SMA), such as strength, stability, durability, noise level, rutting resistance, fatigue life, and water sensitivity. However, limited studies were conducted to analyze the influence of fibers on the percent voids in mineral aggregate in bituminous mixture (VMA) during the mixture design. This study analyzed the e...