3 The Classical Linear Regression Model 5 3.1 Derivation of OLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1.1 The Argument That Minimizes the SSR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.2 The Method of Moments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.3 Maximum Likelihood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 Interpretation of Coeffi...

Stable night lights data from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Line-scan System (OLS) provide a unique proxy for anthropogenic development. This paper proposed two new methods of extracting regional urban extents using DMSP-OLS data, MODIS NDVI data and Land Surface Temperature (LST) data. MODIS NDVI data were used to reduce the over-glow effect, since urban areas gen...

Ordinary least square (OLS) in regression has been widely used to analyze patient-level data in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). However, the estimates, inference and decision making in the economic evaluation based on OLS estimation may be biased by the presence of outliers. Instead, robust estimation can remain unaffected and provide result which is resistant to outliers. The objective of t...

PURPOSE Human remyelination promoting IgM mAbs target oligodendrocytes (OLs) and function in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, their mechanism of action is unknown. This study seeks to identify the cellular mechanism of action of a recombinant human IgM on OL survival. METHODS Binding of rHIgM22 to the surface of rat OLs was studied by co-localization with various markers. RH...

In statistics, series of ordinary least squares problems (OLS) are used to study the linear correlation among sets of variables of interest; in many studies, the number of such variables is at least in the millions, and the corresponding datasets occupy terabytes of disk space. As the availability of large-scale datasets increases regularly, so does the challenge in dealing with them. Indeed, t...

Using an elevated plus-maze test, we evaluated anxiety level in rats given ovary lipid extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis; OLS). The percentage of open time was significantly higher in rats given OLS than in rats in the control group, but lower than in rats given diazepam (1.0 mg/kg body weight). Based on this fact and findings about other indicators, this study showed that OLS do...

The non-anthocyanin phenolic compounds in wines from five grape cultivars (Zuo Shan Yi, Zuo Shan Er, Shuang Hong, Shuang You and Shuang Feng) of Vitis amurensis and two hybrid cultivars (Zuo Hong Yi and Zuo You Hong) were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-MS/MS) technique in this study. The non-anthocyanin phenolic comp...

UNLABELLED Growing evidence shows that mechanisms controlling CNS plasticity extend beyond the synapse and that alterations in myelin can modify conduction velocity, leading to changes in neural circuitry. Although it is widely accepted that newly generated oligodendrocytes (OLs) produce myelin in the adult CNS, the contribution of preexisting OLs to functional myelin remodeling is not known. H...

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are the primary targets in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Cell receptors belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) superfamily, such as TNF receptors and fas, are implicated in signaling the injury response of OLs. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)), another member of the TNF-R superfamily, has been reported to mediate nerve growth fac...