Background: Accurate detection of deep sleep (Due to the low frequency of the brain signal in this part of sleep, it is also called slow-wave sleep) from awakening increases the sleep staging accuracy as an important factor in medicine. Depending on the time and cost of manually determining the depth of sleep, we can automatically determine the depth of sleep by electroencephalogram (EEG) signa...

BACKGROUND The relationship between end-tidal sevoflurane concentration, bispectral index (BIS) and the EEG bispectrum in children appears to be age dependent. The aim of this study was to quantify the BIS values at 1 MAC (minimum alveolar concentration) for desflurane and halothane, and explore the relationship with age for these anaesthetic agents in children. METHODS ECG, EEG and BIS were ...

We generalize the concept of the ordinary skew-spectrum to probe the effect of non-Gaussianity on the morphology of cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps in several domains: in real space (where they are commonly known as cumulant-correlators), and in harmonic and needlet bases. The essential aim is to retain more information than normally contained in these statistics, in order to assist in d...

The bispectrum B(k1, k2, k3), the three-point function of density fluctuations in Fourier space, is the lowest order statistic that carries information about the spatial coherence of large-scale structures. For Gaussian initial conditions, when the density fluctuation amplitude is small (δ ≪ 1), tree-level (leading order) perturbation theory predicts a characteristic dependence of the bispectru...

The authors introduce a new method for estimating the coefficients of a noncausal autoregressive (AR) model. This method is based on a new formulation that relates the unknown AR parameters to both secondand third-order cumulants. The new formulation facilitates the use of linear and nonlinear least-square estimation techniques, and includes some published works as a special case. The nonlinear...

We present a measurement of the angular bispectrum of the millimeter-wave sky in observing bands centered at roughly 95, 150, and 220 GHz, on angular scales of 1 . θ . 10 (multipole number 1000 . l . 10,000). At these frequencies and angular scales, the main contributions to the bispectrum are expected to be the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich (tSZ) effect and emission from extragalactic sources, pr...

We examine how lensing tomography with the bispectrum and power spectrum can constrain cosmological parameters and the equation of state of dark energy. Our analysis uses the full information at the twoand three-point level from angular scales of a few degrees to 5 arcminutes (50 ≤ l ≤ 3000), which will be probed by lensing surveys. We use all triangle configurations, cross-power spectra and bi...

The development of automatic emotion detection systems has recently gained significant attention due to the growing possibility of their implementation in several applications, including affective computing and various fields within biomedical engineering. Use of the electroencephalograph (EEG) signal is preferred over facial expression, as people cannot control the EEG signal generated by thei...

The Planck nominal mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps yield unprecedented constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). Using three optimal bispectrum estimators, separable template-fitting (KSW), binned, and modal, we obtain consistent values for the primordial local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes, quoting as our final result f local NL = 2.7 ± 5.8, f equil NL...