background simultaneous administration of epidural local anesthetic agents (la) and general anesthetics (intravenous or inhaled) is a common procedure in patients undergoing major operations. the effects of epidural anesthesia during combined general-epidural anesthesia on the alertness level (cgea) in the awake phase and the doses of anesthetics have been reported. objectives the present study...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that electroencephalogram (EEG) bispectral index (BIS) monitoring can improve recovery after anaesthesia and save money by shortening patients' postoperative stay. We wanted to evaluate the direct costs of BIS monitoring and to measure immediate recovery after anaesthesia in patients with or without BIS monitoring. METHODS Eighty patients undergoing gy...

A summary of the most recent advances to the design of pronucleotides will be presented. Approaches that have been designed to be activated by enzymes such as carboxyesterases [bis(POM)-, bis(POC)-, bis(SATE)-, bis(AB) phosphotriesters and the arylphosphoramidates] or by reductases [bis(SDTE) approach] will be discussed as well as the amino acids phosphoramidate diester concept with its still u...

BACKGROUND Bispectral Index (BIS) has been used to measure sedation depth. Ideally, to guide anesthetic management, range of BIS scores at different sedation levels should not overlap, and BIS should be independent of drug used. This study assessed ability of BIS to predict sedation depth between sevoflurane, propofol, and midazolam. Quality of recovery was also compared. METHODS Patients und...

We used multidimensional scaling to model the semantic network of alcohol and marijuana expectancies (N=897). Preference mapping was used to estimate vectors representing patterns of activation through the network as a function of levels of behavioral inhibition (BIS) and behavioral activation (BAS). Individuals with low BIS combined with high BAS levels exhibited patterns of activation emphasi...

A number of bis Schiff′s bases 3a-d have been synthesized by condensation of 2,4,8,10 tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane 3,9dipropanamine 1 with furfural, indole-3-aldehyde, 2-acetylpyridine, 4-acetylpyridine and 5a-c by condensation of 1,4-bis (3-aminopropyl) piperazine 4 with indole-3-aldehyde, 2-acetylpyridine, 4-acetylpyridine, in high yields by using microwave irradiation. Bis hydrazone derivative...

In order to study the structure-activity relationships of bis(guanylhydrazone) type polyamine antimetabolites, trifluoromethylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (CF3-GBG), a close analog of the antileukemic drug methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (mitoguazone, MGBG) was synthesized according to a novel modification of previous methods, yielding single crystals. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography re...

OBJECTIVE The Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) provides a transdiagnostic marker for a number of psychiatric conditions and drug abuse, but the precise psychological trait(s) tapped by this questionnaire remain obscure. METHOD To address this, 51 smokers completed in counterbalanced order the BIS, a delay discounting task and a Harvard game that measured choice between a response that yielded ...

In an effort to search for more active antiinflammatory agent, a series of pyrazolinylbenzidines and isoxazolylbenzidines was designed, synthesized, and screened for their potential as novel orally inflammation inhibitors. Compounds 4,4'-bis-(1"-acetyl-5"-substitutedaryl-2"-pyrazolin-3"-yl)benzidines (8-13) and 4,4'-bis-(2"-substitutedaryl-isoxazolin-4'-yl)benzidines (14-19) have been synthesiz...