Article history: Received 22 December 2007 Received in revised form 15 November 2008 Accepted 15 November 2008 Available online 29 December 2008 We present a model of optimal flow pollution control considering explicitly the dynamics of the corresponding assimilative capacity. We focus first on the degradation of this assimilative capacity triggered by pollution excesses and determine the inter...

OBJECTIVE To examine the influence of fetal and maternal characteristics on the survival of children born with Down syndrome. METHODS We used prospectively collected population-based data on Down syndrome extracted from the UK Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey (NorCAS), January 1, 1985-December 31, 2003, matched to hospital and national mortality records to January 29, 2008, to determine...

H. Liu,1,*,† T. Li,1,† Q. J. Wang,1,† Z. H. Zhu,1,† S. M. Wang,1,† J. Q. Li,1,† S. N. Zhu,1,† Y. Y. Zhu,1,† and X. Zhang2,† 1Department of Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China 25130 Etcheverry Hall, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California–Berkeley, California 94720-1740, USA Receive...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the relationship between previous miscarriage and risk of preterm birth changed over the period 1980-2008, and to determine whether the pattern varied according to the cause of the preterm birth. DESIGN Linked birth databases. SETTING All Scottish NHS hospitals. POPULATION A total of 732 719 nulliparous women with a first live birth between 1980 and 2008. ...

M. Häfner,1,2 J. K. Viljas,1,3 and J. C. Cuevas2 1Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik and DFG-Center for Functional Nanostructures, Universität Karlsruhe, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain 3Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 5100, FIN-02015 TKK, Fi...

BACKGROUND Japan experienced two rubella outbreaks in the past decade (2004 and 2012-2013), resulting in 10 and 20 infants with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), respectively. This study was performed to determine whether the seronegative rate was lower in multiparous women than in primiparous women in Japan. METHODS Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test results during pregnancy were analyze...

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Background Restorative dentists and orthodontists have described severely fluorotic teeth as the most difficult surface for bonding.1,2 The difficulty arises from the composition of the enamel of such teeth, which has an acid-resistant, hypermineralized outer layer. As a result, it is very difficult to mechanically treat the surface with conventional 37% phosphoric acid to allow for effective b...