a field study was conducted in semnan to measure the vaccination coverage rate in children from birth to 24   months and correlate the outcome with personal family and social characteristics of the subjects in 1372 (1994).   a total of 210 children below the age of 24 months, living in semnan were selected randomly from thirty district   points of the town .   to gather the data a two section q...

Objective: To examine how lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parents navigate openness dynamics with children’s birth family across a 5-year period, when children are preschoolto school-age. Background: Few studies regarding birth family contact have included longitudinal data as well as a sample of adoptive parents of varying sexual orientations. Thus, this study used a multiprong theoret...

We estimate the impact of armed conflict on subsequent health outcomes using detailed geographic information on households’ distance from conflict sites—a more accurate measure of conflict exposure—and compare the impact on children exposed in utero versus after birth. The identification strategy relies on exogenous variation in the conflict’s geographic extent and timing and the exposure of di...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the effect of a midwifery model of care delivered in a freestanding birth center on maternal and infant outcomes when compared with conventional care. DATA SOURCES/STUDY SETTING Birth certificate data for women who gave birth in Washington D.C. and D.C. residents who gave birth in other jurisdictions. STUDY DESIGN Using propensity score modeling and instrumental variab...

conclusions: the increased survival of preterm infants was not associated with lower complications. there is now increasing evidence of sustained adverse outcomes into school age and adolescence, for preterm infants. results: cerebral palsy especially spastic diplegia, intellectual disability, visual (retinopathy of prematurity) and hearing impairments are the main neurodevelopmental disorders ...

objective: to determine the effect of paternal age on preterm births in iranian neonates. materials and methods: from january 2005 to january 2006, two hundred eighty one preterm neonates born in mirza kuchakkhan hospital enrolled in this cross-sectional study. a structured questionnaire was applied for recording following data: birth weight, sex, gestational age, maternal age and paternal age....

We examined the utility of a newly developed perceived air pollution (PAP) scale and of a modeled air pollution (MAP) scale derived from it for predicting previously observed birth outcomes of pregnant women enrolled following September 11, 2001. Women reported their home and work locations in the four weeks after September 11, 2001 and the PAP at each site on a four-point scale designed for th...

let $g$ be a connected graph with vertex set $v(g)$‎. ‎the‎ ‎degree resistance distance of $g$ is defined as $d_r(g) = sum_{{u‎,‎v} subseteq v(g)} [d(u)+d(v)] r(u,v)$‎, ‎where $d(u)$ is the degree‎ ‎of vertex $u$‎, ‎and $r(u,v)$ denotes the resistance distance between‎ ‎$u$ and $v$‎. ‎in this paper‎, ‎we characterize $n$-vertex unicyclic‎ ‎graphs having minimum and second minimum degree resista...