In early times, we believed that we had an unlimited abundance of land and resources; today, however, the resources in the world show, in greater or lesser degree, our carelessness and negligence in using them. The problems associated with contaminated sites now assume increasing prominence in many countries. Contaminated lands generally result from past industrial activities when awareness of ...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compounds. Removal of these compounds has a great importance for environment. Removal of PAHs from soil is difficult as these chemicals are persistent in the soil. In this research, bioremediation of soil contaminated by (PAH) using Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 3256 (B.subtilis) strains was studied. The effect of electrokin...

Simple and inexpensive methods for assessing the metabolic status and bioremediation activities of subsurface microorganisms are required before bioremediation practitioners will adopt molecular diagnosis of the bioremediation community as a routine practice for guiding the development of bioremediation strategies. Quantifying gene transcripts can diagnose important aspects of microbial physiol...

Introduction: Xenobiotic contamination is a global concern. Nitroaromatic compounds enter the environment through ammunition, ordnance disposal, burning the outdoors, and leakage of ammunition. Thirty percent of explosives enter the environment without any change, which can cause pollution of soil, water, and health concerns. So, effective remediation of the contaminated area is necessary. Mat...