Recent population dynamic theory predicts that disruption of biological control may occur when one parasitoid species’ superiority in intrinsic competition is associated with a lower ability to find and exploit hosts (i.e., ability in extrinsic competition). One might expect such a trade-off, for instance, if parasitoids with larger (and fewer) eggs are more likely to prevail in intrinsic compe...

in order to study the productivity and competition ability of sesame and mung bean, a field experiment was conducted in agriculture faculty of shahid chamran university of ahvaz at 2012. experimental design was split-plot based of rcb with 3 replications. main plot included 2 planting patterns and sub-plots included 5 plant density ratios. our result showed that both 50 & 75 cm inter-rows in 50...

BACKGROUND The FIFA has implemented an important antidoping programme for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. AIM To perform the analyses before and during the World Cup with biological monitoring of blood and urine samples. METHODS All qualified players from the 32 teams participating in the World Cup were tested out-of-competition. During the World Cup, 2-8 players per match were tested. Over 1000 s...

Computational models in cognitive neuroscience should ideally use biological properties and powerful computational principles to produce behavior consistent with psychological findings. Error-driven backpropagation is computationally powerful and has proven useful for modeling a range of psychological data but is not biologically plausible. Several approaches to implementing backpropagation in ...

New associations between parasitoid species is common in biological control with interactions ranging from coexistence to competitive exclusion. Spathius agrili and galinae, native North East Asia, are two host-specific idiobiont larval parasitoids of the invasive emerald ash borer Agrilus planipennis that do not overlap their ranges but have been recently introduced United States for biocontro...

competition is against monopoly and intellectual property creates monopoly for intellectual property owner. this article had been paid cooperation between apparently contradictory policies. exhaustion, parallel imports, compulsory license, intellectual property exploitation contract that coincide with competition are methods of cooperation between intellectual property and competition law. comp...

BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance typically confers a biological fitness cost on bacteria that can be manifested as a decreased growth rate in culture media and experimental animals. However, there are limited experimental data on the relative fitness of resistant and susceptible bacteria during growth in their natural environment. OBJECTIVE We have developed a human competition model to inves...

According to the competitive exclusion principle, in a finite ecosystem, extinction occurs naturally when two or more species compete for the same resources. An important question that arises is: when coexistence is not possible, which mechanisms confer an advantage to a given species against the other(s)? In general, it is expected that the species with the higher reproductive/death ratio will...

A micro-competition system is designed for simultaneous quantification of multiple glycans on intact cell surfaces, by integrating two-surface–one-molecule competition with surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The micro-competition is achieved among multiple-polysaccharide-coated gold nanostars functionalized silica bubbles, target cells and gold nanoprobes at a micron scale. The gold nano...