Based on hard-sphere limit of binary mixtures with different molecular size of components a theory has been developed for calculating activities of solvents in polymer/solvent mixtures. The theory considers various chain configurations for polymer molecules, varying from extended chain to the coiled chain. According to this theory the activity of solvent can be calculated from molecular weights...

We demonstrate a "universal solvent sensor" constructed from a small array of carbon/polymer composite chemiresistors that respond to solvents spanning a wide range of Hildebrand solubility parameters. Conductive carbon particles provide electrical continuity in these composite films. When the polymer matrix absorbs solvent vapors, the composite film swells, the average separation between carbo...

A comprehensive model has been developed for calculating the surface tension of aqueous, nonaqueous, and mixedsolvent electrolyte systems ranging from dilute solutions to fused salts. Themodel consists of a correlation for computing the surface tension of solvent mixtures and an expression for the effect of electrolyte concentration. The dependence of surface tension on electrolyte concentratio...