Anatomic variations in forensic extrahepatic bile ducts is common. Knowledge of extrahepatic bile duct variations is important for surgeons in order to prevent iatrogenic damage during surgery. This study aims to determine the variations in extrahepatic bile ducts among 150 cadavers located at the Kerman Medicine Organization. We performed autopsies on 150 cadavers. Bile ducts were exposed an...

BACKGROUND/AIMS It is postulated that nitric oxide (NO) is responsible for the hyperdynamic circulation of portal hypertension. Therefore, we investigated induction of fibrosis and hyperdynamic circulation in endothelial NO synthase knock-out (KO) mice. METHODS Fibrosis was induced by bile duct ligation. Hemodynamic studies were performed after portal vein ligation. All studies were performed...

OBJECTIVE To establish a murine experimental model of bile duct obstruction that would enable controlled observations of the acute and subacute phases of cholestasis. METHODOLOGY Adult male isogenic BALB/c mice underwent a bile duct ligation (22 animals) or a sham operation (10 animals). Fifteen days after surgery, or immediately after the animal's death, macroscopic findings were noted and h...

The present studies were undertaken to determine the role, if any, of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) as a chemical inducer of rat liver alkaline phosphatase. Cholera enterotoxin, given intravenously to rats, led to a rapid rise in the activity of hepatic adenyl cyclase that was 7(1/2) times greater than control values in 6 h. Cyclic AMP levels were also significantly increase...

OBJECTIVE To investigate bilirubin-induced lung alveolar epithelial cell injury together with the protection afforded by dexmedetomidine. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING Research laboratory. SUBJECTS Sprague Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS Alveolar epithelial A549 cell lines were cultured and received bilirubin (from 0 to 160 μM) to explore the protective pathway of...

A B S T R A C T The quantitative significance of renal excretion of bile acid ester sulfates as an alternate excretory pathway was evaluated in hamsters. After bile duct ligation, total serum bile acid fell from a mean level of 454 ,g/ml at 24 h to 64 ,ug/ml by 96 h. During this period the bulk of the bile acid pool could be accounted for as esterified bile acids in urine. Renal pedicle ligatio...

decreased cardiac responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation has been observed in cholestatic liver disease, but the cause remains unclear. previous reports have suggested that nitric oxide overproduction might have a role in cholestasis-induced bradycardia via inhibition of l-type calcium channels. in the present study, the digoxin has been used to increase cardiac ca2+ transient in male sprague...

Gallstone disease is a common surgical presentation, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the favoured method of surgical management. Ligation of the cystic duct is usually performed with surgical clips, which have the potential to migrate into the common bile duct with time. This paper describes a case of cholangitis secondary to clip migration in a 42-year-old male patient 9 years after the in...