Herein, challenges in the fabrication of full dopant-free bifacial silicon solar cells are discussed and efficient devices utilizing a MoO3/ indium tin oxide (ITO)/Ag hole-selective contact ZnO/LiFx/Al electron-selective contacts with up to 79% short-circuit current bifaciality demonstrated. The rear electron features full-area ZnO antireflective coating LiFx/Al finger contact, allowing sunligh...

A key challenge in photovoltaics today is to develop cell technologies with both higher efficiencies and lower fabrication costs than incumbent crystalline silicon (c-Si) single-junction cells. While tandem cells have higher efficiencies than c-Si alone, it is generally challenging to find a low-cost, high-performance material to pair with c-Si. However, the recent emergence of 22% efficient pe...

Stone tools, often the sole remnant of prehistoric hunter-gatherer behavior, are frequently used as evidence of ancient human mobility, resource use, and environmental adaptation. In North America, studies of morphological variation in projectile points have provided important insights into migration and interactions of human groups as early as 12-13 kya. Using new approaches to 3D imaging and ...

To assess the potential effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B and 3A isozymes in Baikal seal, the 5′-flanking regions of these CYP genes were isolated, and transactivation analysis was performed by in vitro reporter gene assay system. The 3.2 kbp of CYP2B and 2.2 kbp of CYP3A gene promoter/enhancer regions were cloned and sequenced from Ba...

The rotordynamic and leaking characteristics of two types of gas damper seals, honeycomb seal and pocket damper seal, were experimentally evaluated on a rotating test rig. The effect of supply pressure, preswirl, and seal eccentricity on seal dynamic performance was investigated in the tests. The pressurized working gas flowed through the seal and exhausted to atmospheric conditions. The maximu...

The heterogenous nature and spectral distribution of rear plane-of-array irradiance R POA presents challenges when measured by small-area sensors such as pyranometers. Bifacial reference modules serving large-area can simplify monitoring bec...

Conventionally accessible silicon solar cells experience two major drawbacks, such as reduced efficiency and increased fabrication costs. The prospects for the reduction in cost of photovoltaic form energy conversion are bifacial cells. Bifacial show potential opportunity reducing when analyzed with respect to monofacial exploit sunlight occurrence on both sides cell more efficiently. Bifacial-...

Improving the performance of solar modules requires implementation both spectral and directional irradiance optimization. The bifacial four-terminal tandem minimodules with a 100 cm 2 area is reported, indoor outdoor measurements. We demonstrate 24.5 mW/cm (bifacial 200 W/m ) power density, measured according to adapted IEC60904-1-2 protocol, which constitutes 3 gain respect monofacial use. In ...

--Many watermarking methods for protecting the intellectual property right and authenticating multimedia data have been proposed in recent years. It is possible to guarantee the authenticity of data using readable and fragile watermarking. In this paper, we propose a visible watermarking technique using verifiable digital seal image that is based on the concept of fragile watermarking. Seal ima...