We dissected 30 cadaveric knees to provide a detailed anatomic description of the biceps femoris muscle complex at the knee. The main components of the long head of the muscle are a reflected arm, a direct arm, an anterior arm, and a lateral and an anterior aponeurosis. The main components of the short head of the biceps femoris muscle are a proximal attachment to the long head's tendon, a caps...

CONTEXT Because of the lack of accurate values for mechanically applied forces in osteopathic manipulative treatment, osteopathic physicians must apply mechanical forces intuitively. However, excessive loading and high velocity maneuvers carry risks for patients. OBJECTIVE To determine the loads required to produce compression, shear, extension, and twist on biceps muscle during manual therap...

Distal biceps tendon rupture is a relatively uncommon occurrence in the general female population, and to our knowledge, has not been reported in association with a supinator muscle tear. We report a case of 51-year-old woman who experienced sharp pain in her forearm and elbow after lifting a heavy object. History and physical examination raised suspicion for a distal biceps tendon rupture. MRI...

OBJECTIVE To localize the site of motor points within human biceps brachii muscles through surface mapping using electrophysiological method. METHOD We recorded the compound muscle action potentials of each lattice of the biceps brachii in 40 healthy subjects. Standardized reference lines were made as the following: 1) a horizontal reference line (elbow crease) and 2) a vertical reference lin...

BACKGROUND Lesions of the biceps pulley and instability of the long head of the biceps tendon are common diagnoses in patients with anterior shoulder pain. PURPOSE To analyze the pathoanatomy of the biceps reflection pulley ("pulley") in consecutive patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopy. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study (prevalence); Level of evidence, 2. METHODS Prospective data were collect...

The fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum contributes to shoulder stability and provides attachment for the long head of biceps tendon and the glenohumeral ligaments. The superior site of attachment of the long head of biceps (biceps anchor) represents a site of injury to the superior labrum where tearing may extend into the biceps tendon as well as anterior and/or posterior to the biceps anchor. S...

ont matter & 2006 006.06.007 thor. Summary The function of the long head of biceps tendon in the shoulder remains controversial. Pathology of the biceps tendon such as tenosynovitis, subluxation and pre-rupture are intimately associated with rotator cuff disease. Treatment therefore varies widely among surgeons and range from non-operative management to biceps tenotomy or tenodesis. The purpose...

Tears of the proximal long head of the biceps tendon are among the most common tendon tears in the body. In most cases, the diagnosis is easily determined based on the history and physical examination. However, malignant soft tissue tumors can simulate proximal biceps tendon tears. Although tumors simulating tears of the distal biceps tendon at the elbow have been reported, to the authors' know...

BACKGROUND We hypothesize that an anatomic repair of the distal biceps tendon would recreate native tendon moment arm and forearm rotation, while a nonanatomic insertion would compromise moment arm and forearm rotation. METHODS Isometric supination torque was measured at 60° of pronation, neutral, and 60° of supination for the native distal biceps tendon and 4 repair points in 6 cadaveric spe...