Kopf stereotaxic, thereby enabling it to be adapted for use in retinal physiology. A fundamental requirement for all visual physiology is an unobstructed visual field. This can be partially achieved using the standard optical investigation unit, in which the animal faces the rear of the instrument. However, in this configuration, the zero horizontal meridian is still somewhat obstructed. This c...

INTRODUCTION Lumbar puncture is one of the oldest and most commonly performed procedures in medicine, used to diagnose and treat disease. Headache following lumbar puncture remains a frequent complication, causing significant patient discomfort and often requiring narcotic analgesia or invasive therapy. Needle tip design has been proposed to affect the incidence of headache postlumbar puncture,...

Osteochondritis dissecans affecting a single joint has been widely studied since the term was first introduced by Konig in 1887. Multiple lesions are comparatively uncommon ; those most often reported are lesions of both medial femoral condyles (Hermanson 1946, King 1932). Other combinations reported are : the medial femoral condyle and opposite patella (Archer and Peterson 1930) ; both patella...

In the last year, several new studies have shown the po tential of optogenetic stimulation to rapidly modify depressionand anxiety-related behaviours in animal models. Optogenetic technology, as described in a previous editorial, gives a whole new meaning to “light therapy” that is potentially more effective and rapid and has fewer adverse effects than classic light therapy or pharmacological a...

As the number of critically ill patients requiring tracheotomy for prolonged ventilation has increased, the demand for a procedural alternative to the surgical tracheostomy (ST) has also emerged. Since its introduction, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomies (PDT) have gained increasing popularity. The most commonly cited advantages are the ease of the familiar technique and the ability to pe...

Remarks given in the review of Paper 1 should be taken into account, more particularly remarks about the expected limitations and real performances over the size range targetted by LOAC. Since we have presented in the revised version of paper 1 some new results confirming the performances of LOAC, we prefer not changing the text here. 2. LOAC instrument and gondola for balloon flights L. 19 p.1...

The termination of the edge of wafers in reactive ion etching reactors is important for obtaining uniform fluxes of reactants across the substrate. Structures such as focus rings (FRs) are often used to improve the uniformity of fluxes. There is a gap of hundreds of micrometres to a few mm between the edge of the wafer and the FR for mechanical clearance. Plasma penetration into the gap can pro...

Well-preserved, actively deforming folds in the Tien Shan of Kyrgyzstan provide a natural laboratory for the study of the evolution of thrust-related folds. The uplifted limbs of these folds comprise weakly indurated Cenozoic strata that mantle well-lithified Palaeozoic bedrock. Their contact is a regionally extensive unconformity that provides a persistent and readily traceable marker horizon....