There is an obvious tension between symbolic and subsymbolic theories, because both show complementary strengths and weaknesses in corresponding applications and underlying methodologies. The resulting gap in the foundations and the applicability of these approaches is theoretically unsatisfactory and practically undesirable. We sketch a theory that bridges this gap between symbolic and subsymb...

G-tree, combining the features of both grids and B-trees, is a disk-based spatial data structure for organizing multidimensional data. This paper presents an efficient access method for retrieving similar pictures from iconic databases using G-tree. The proposed method preserves the merits of G-tree, and hence indexing the pictures in the database, processing range queries for similarity retrie...

In this paper we provide an overview of the Synchronization of Multi-User Event Media (SEM) Task that is part of the 2014 MediaEval Benchmark for Multimedia Evaluation. The SEM task is presented this year for the first time in MediaEval, and poses a new challenge, namely the temporal alignment of a series of photo galleries that relate to the same event but have been collected by different user...

In Image Database Systems, symbolic pictures are represented by 2D stringsthat are converted into triples. Each triple is mapped to a unique hash addressfor timely retrieval of pictures, reducing the pattern-matching problem cor-responding to a query to that of computation of hash function. The valuesassociated with the picture objects are used to compute hash addresses fort...

For emotional pictures with fear-, disgust-, or sex-related contents, stimulus size has been shown to increase emotion effects in attention-related event-related potentials (ERPs), presumably reflecting the enhanced biological impact of larger emotion-inducing pictures. If this is true, size should not enhance emotion effects for written words with symbolic and acquired meaning. Here, we invest...

nature has great importance on prehistoric human life and attention to the environment and discovering mysteries of life which influence their life, always have been considered as concerns of prehistoric people. the elements such as water, wind and earth for primary human were important elements because of no awareness of environment in primary stages of sedentary life. human beings always trie...

In knowledge-based advice-giving dialog systems, problem solving is typically carried out using symbolic processing and the output is .usually produced in a textual form. This kind of processing, based on symbols and language, makes it very difficult to design systems which give explanations in a pictorial form. To tackle this problem, we present techniques which allow a smooth transition betwe...