In plants, benzoic acid (BA) is believed to be synthesized from Phe through shortening of the propyl side chain by two carbons. It is hypothesized that this chain shortening occurs via either a beta-oxidative or non-beta-oxidative pathway. Previous in vivo isotope labeling and metabolic flux analysis of the benzenoid network in petunia (Petunia hybrida) flowers revealed that both pathways yield...

Formation of the riboside-5'-monophosphate is a general feature of the metabolism of cytokinins in plants. As part of a study of the biological significance of the nucleotide form of cytokinins, we analyzed a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) activity for its ability to metabolize N(6)-benzyladenine (BA). Formation of N(6)-benzyladenosine-5'-mo...

Apparently free-base cytokinins can interact with cupric ions in a specific manner. Oxidation of NADH by a horseradish peroxidase system was strongly promoted by such cytokinins provided cupric ions were present. Oxidation was promoted by 5 micromolar kinetin, zeatin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), or 6-(Delta(2)-isopentenylamino)purine (2iP) but not by adenine, 6-methylaminopurine or 6,6-dimethylam...

This study provides a physiological analysis of somatic embryogenesis in four elite cultivars of date palms: Ahmar, Amsekhsi, Tijib, and Amaside, from the initial callogenesis to establishment and proliferation of embryogenic suspension cultures. Somatic embryos development and in vitro plants rooting were also studied. For each step, auxins and cytokinins concentrations were optimised. The pri...

The synthesis, structural characterization and the successful application of a carbon centered radical derived from 1,3-bisdiphenylene-2-phenylallyl (BDPA), its benzyl alcohol derivative (BA-BDPA), as a polarizing agent for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) are described. The reported BA-BDPA radical meets all the requirements to become a promising candidate for its use in in vivo DNP-NMR expe...

Silicon, which is widely used in different fields, has been plant production vivo and vitro studies recent years. Especially studies, it seen that its effect on growth development examined. In this study, the of three silicon sources their four concentrations micro-propagation 140 Ru grape rootstocks was investigated. as explants one-node micro cuttings rootstock MS (Murashige Skoog) nutrient m...

The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C12H9N5O·C7H6O3, contains one mol-ecule of N6-benzoyl-adenine (BA) and one mol-ecule of 4-hy-droxy-benzoic acid (HBA). The N6-benzoyl-adenine (BA) has an N(7)-H tautomeric form with nonprotonated N-1 and N-3 atoms. This tautomeric form is stabilized by a typical intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the carbonyl (C=O) group and the N(7)-H hydro...

PURPOSE Benzyl alcohol (BA) is the preservative in triamcinolone acetonide (TA) suspensions, which are used in treating vitreoretinal diseases and during surgery. This paper investigates the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying BA toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS Cultured human RPE cells from the ARPE-19 cell line were exposed to culture medi...