Administration of nicotine leads to incentive and behavioral tolerance in human and animals. Ascorbic acid administration inhibits some effects of nicotine. In the present study, the effects of ascorbic acid administration on the expression and development of nicotine-induced behavioral tolerance in female Swiss-Webster mice (20-25 g) was investigated. Animals were injected with nicotine (0.5 m...

background and purpose: progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain is the main mechanism of parkinson’s disease (pd). although potassium channels affect neural activity and death in this area, little research has investigated the effect of potassium channel blockers, such as 4-aminopyridine in the pretreatment of pd. methods: fifty-six healthy male wistar rats were selecte...

withania somnifera (ws) possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. ws preparations have a potential therapeutic role in the central nervous system (cns) related disorders in animal models. in this study, the possible protective effect of acute aqueous ws root extract on behavioral despair was explored and compared with fluoxetine, an antidepressant with selective serotonin (5-ht) reu...

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) has been shown to play a key role in the brain's response to methylphenidate (MPD). The present study focuses on neuronal recording from this structure. The study postulates that repetitive exposure to the same dose of MPD will elicit in some rats behavioral sensitization and in others tolerance. Furthermore, the study postulates that NAc neuronal activity recorded f...

introduction: autism spectrum disorders (asd) are a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that are defined with a wide range of behavioral impairments including social and communication deficits. apart from these core symptoms, a significant number of asd individuals display higher levels of anxiety. the present study is designed to understand the antioxidant efficacy of hesperetin...

aim and background: the behavioral inhibition system (bis) and the behavioral activation system (bas) are considered as factors to verify the effects of personality significance on cortical activity. the present study explored the effects of the bis and bas on frontal asymmetry in response to affect stimuli. methods and materials: this study included 36 individuals (18 with high bas sensitivity...

With the increased availability of rich behavioral data sets, we present a novel combination of tools to analyze to analyze this information. Using criminal offense records as an example, we employ cross-correlation measures, eigenvalue spectrum analysis, and results from random matrix theory to identify spatiotemporal patterns. Finally, with multivariate autoregressive models, we demonstrate a...

Locomotor activity measurements have been used extensively to evaluate chemically-induced changes in CNS function. This paper focuses on several factors including apparatus, age, biological rhythm, and social setting, which influence both locomotor activity levels per se and chemically induced changes in these activity levels. These data illustrate that failure to recognize, specify, and consid...