The aim of this study was to evaluate sound and decayed wood of Iranianbeech (Fagus orientalis) with a nondestructive stress wave method. Wood samples,with dimensions of 9 by 19 by 200 mm were decayed in laboratory soil-bed tests,based on European pre-standard ENV-807. The decay was evaluated by measuringbending dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOEd) and longitudinal dynamicmodulus of elasticity ...

Boron compounds are used as wood preservatives as they are both fungicide and insecticide, relatively inexpensive and environmentally acceptable. Nevertheless, in the field of wood protection, borates are only used for indoor non-exposed applications or in association with other biocides, due to their main disadvantage of being readily leachable from treated wood. To overcome this problem, bori...

Heat-treatment, a major method of wood modification for improving dimensional stability and natural durability, has been studied considerably in the scientific literature. This study will focus on the effect of heat-treatment on permeability, an important physical property of wood by subjecting beech samples to two different mediums of hot water and steam, as well as in two buffered hot water o...

Wood dust is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. An association between wood dust exposure and cancer of the nasal cavity has been observed in many case reports, cohort studies, and case-control studies that specifically addressed nasal cancer. Strong and consistent associations with cancer of the nasal cavities and paranasal si...

Occupational exposures to wood dust have been associated with an elevated risk of sinonasal cancer (SNC). Wood dust is recognized as a human carcinogen but the specific cancer causative agent remains unknown. One possible explanation is a co-exposure to; wood dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs could be generated during incomplete combustion of wood due to heat created by use...

Effects of temperature dependence and relative humidity were studied to the thermal conductivity heat-treated pine beech, which are frequently used for building construction. Pine beech wood exposed heat treatment at 180, 200, 220 °C in nitrogen gas 2 h. As a result, values decreased as process increased increased. However, became more stable after under changes. The with rising mean plate temp...

The contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in Frankfurtertype sausages were investigated in depency on hot smoking conditions (glow smoke), type of casing, back fat content and different types of wood chips. For the smoking experiments three different types of smoke densities and ventilator velocities, three types of casings, four different back fat contents (10%, 20%, 30%, and 39%)...

Cellulose nanofibrils were prepared by mechanical fibrillation of never-dried beech pulp and bacterial cellulose. To facilitate the separation of individual fibrils, one part of the wood pulp was surface-carboxylated by a catalytic oxidation using (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) as a catalyst. After fibrillation by a high pressure homogenizer, the obtained aqueous fibril dispers...

the objective of this research is characterizing the effect of nano-zinc oxide (nano-zno) dispersions on leach resistance and contact angle of beech wood (fagus orientalis lipsky). the beech wood was cut into standard dimension, and oven dried after treating with nano-zno solution, based on immersion method. three treating nano-zno solution levels: (o, 20000 and 40000 ppm), and two thermal trea...

Forestry-based carbon sequestration projects demand a comprehensive quantification of the different climate change mitigation effects. In our study, we modeled a life cycle of managed pure stands consisting of the four main tree species in Bavaria (spruce, pine, beech and oak). For spruce and beech, an unmanaged stand was additionally integrated in order to analyze the differences in climate ch...