Identification of transmission routes and of factors affecting the spatial positions of pathogens, hosts and vectors is basic to an adequate disease management. Nosema ceranae is a Microsporidian recently described as a parasite of Apis mellifera honeybees and is currently considered the aetiological agent of an emergent illness named nosemosis type C. In this article we evaluate the role of a ...

Abstract Native bees are pollinators and bioindicators of ecosystem health but only little is known about its abundance, species distribution, habitat range, especially in the Philippines. This study assessed diversity spatial distribution native Mt. Banahaw de Lucban (MBDL). Belt transect coupled with opportunistic sampling were used inventory their nests. Nests occurrence 7 environmental pred...

More than 550 stingless bee species have been found in the tropical and subtropical areas across world. Different inhabit various types of nests, such as tree hollows, walls, lime stone crevices, or even co-nest with other live creatures ants termites underground. These cavity-nesting habits make it difficult to estimate colony size bees. Stingless native southwest China are sympatric many bamb...

Bees are essential pollinators for many flowering plants, including agriculturally important crops such as apple. As geographic ranges of bees or their host plants change as a result of human activities, we need to identify pathogens that could be transmitted among newly sympatric species to evaluate and anticipate their effects on bee communities. We used PCR screening and DNA sequencing to ev...

The presence of Xylocopa valga is reported for the first time from high altitudes Union Territory Ladakh (more than 3,000 m above sea level), India. Several bees were observed in area May 2019 to September 2020, where it considered be a pest because its aptness making nests residential and commercial buildings. species has likely expanded geographical due environmental changes. It important dis...

Insect colonies have been traditionally regarded as closed societies comprised of completely sterile workers ruled over by a single once-mated queen. However, over the past 15 years, microsatellite studies of parentage have revealed that this perception is far from the truth (Beekman & Oldroyd 2008). First, we learned that honey bee queens are far more promiscuous than we had previously imagine...

Propolis is a substance derived from antimicrobial plant resins that honey bees use in the construction of their nests. Propolis use in the hive is an important component of honey bee social immunity and confers a number of positive physiological benefits to bees. The benefits that bees derive from resins are mostly due to their antimicrobial properties, but it is unknown how the diversity of a...

Fungi in the genus Ascosphaera (Ascomycota: Eurotiomycetes: Ascosphaerales) cause chalkbrood disease in larvae of bees. Here, we report the first-ever detection of the fungus in adult bumble bees that were raised in captivity for studies on colony development. Wild queens of Bombus griseocollis, B. nevadensis and B. vosnesenskii were collected and maintained for establishment of nests. Queens t...

Environmental challenges are major drivers of the evolution group living. In particular, harsh seasonal conditions can promote temporary or facultative social behaviour in primarily solitary animals. We asked how winter might favour living a desert population facultatively carpenter bee, Xylocopa sonorina Smith, that nests small groups during quiescence. experimentally manipulated condition (so...

BACKGROUND Diverse flower communities are more stable in floral resource production along the flowering season, but the question about how the diversity and stability of resources affect pollinator reproduction remains open. High plant diversity could favor short foraging trips, which in turn would enhance bee fitness. In addition to plant diversity, greater temporal stability of floral resourc...