In the pharmaceutical industry, a stability study is usually conducted to establish the drug expiration dating period(or shelf-life) of a drug product. The method suggested in the current FDA guidelines does not consider the situation when there is a batch-to-batch variation. Chow and Shao (1991) proposed a model which can take into account the batch-to-batch variation results. In this paper, a...

We study the problem of scheduling jobs on a serial batching machine to minimize total tardiness. Jobs of the same batch start and are completed simultaneously and the length of a batch equals the sum of the processing times of its jobs. When a new batch starts, a constant setup time s occurs. This problem 1|s-batch| P Ti is known to be NP-Hard in the ordinary sense. In this paper we show that ...

Introduction Nowadays, single-use bioreactors are widely accepted in pharmaceutical industry. This is based on shorter batch to batch times, reduced cleaning effort and a significantly lower risk of cross contaminations [1,2]. One large field of the application of single-use bioreactors is the seed train cultivation of mammalian cells [1]. The focus is further extended to perform state of the a...

This paper describes the equipment assignment in a control recipe design. To produce a batch in a batch plant, equipment assignments to each task of a batch are carried out on the basis of the equipment requirement information of the master recipe. However, the equipment units satisfying the equipment requirement are not necessarily connected topologically with each other, especially in the mul...

ferritin is a macromolecule and is responsible for the long term iron storage function in human serum and plasma. recent studies have highlighted the role of cell phone exposure on central nervous system, immune function and reproduction. the aim of this study was to investigate whether the human serum ferritin level could be interfered by the exposure to the 900 mhz gsm cell phones. fifty huma...

We study a class of scheduling problems with batch setups for the online-list and online-time paradigms. Jobs are to be scheduled in batches for processing. All jobs in a batch start and complete together, and a constant setup is prior to each batch. The objective is to minimize the total completion time of all jobs. We primarily consider the special cases of these problems with identical proce...

In this paper we study batch classiication problems where multiple predictions are made simultaneously, in contrast to the standard independent classiication case, where the predictions are made independently one at a time. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how the standard EM algorithm for nite mixture models can be modiied for the batch classiication case. In the empirical...

Most batch pharmaceutical fermentations have successive phases of operation. Detection of process phase landmarks is important for improving the performance of process monitoring and control. This study considers techniques for adjustment of batch data lengths to match landmarks of phases during the progress of the batch. Time synchronization and landmark alignment techniques are presented and ...