Effective tribofilms are desirable to protect mechanical systems. In the present research, we investigated the formation of a tribofilm through the use of α-ZrP (Zr(HPO4)2 ̈H2O) as an additive. Experiments were conducted on a base oil where 0.2 wt% of the additive was used. Experimental results showed a 50% reduction in friction and a 30% reduction in wear when compared to the base oil containin...

Nano MgO has been synthesized by hydration and dehydration method by modifies the commercial MgO. The prepared MgO had been investigated as a heterogeneous base catalyst for transesterification process for biodiesel production using palm oil. TGA, FT-IR and XRD results obtained from this study lie each other and proved in the formation of nano MgO from decomposition of Mg(OH)2. This study prove...

Development and application of bio-based fluids in industrial and automotive sectors are rapidly increasing due to their non-toxic and biodegradable character unlike mineral oil-based products. Synthetic lubricant base fluid with improved high and low-temperature stability was prepared by chemical modification of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). The reaction was carried out in two-steps: (i) synt...

An environmental friendly palm-grease has already been formulated from modified RBDPO (Refined Bleach Deodorized Palm Oil) as base oil and lithium soap as thickener. Such palm-grease is dedicated for general application and or equipment working in areas where biodegradability is required such as in agriculture, forestry and coastal marine, recreation areas. The grease was manufactured via 4 ste...

the analyze of petroleum contracts demonstrate that in respect to the intensity of the cooperation between the state company and oil companies, we could find the different evaluative categories of the contracts on upstream oil industry.historically, the first generation of the petroleum contracts was the concession agreement in which the transferring of ownership was the base. the license agree...

Production quality is one of the factors that can be a source company excellence to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in running its business. Good production increase competitiveness consumer confidence, so profits also increase. PT ABC companies engaged processing hazardous (B3) waste. The problems faced by percentage defects base oil products which still quite high at 57.79%, improvements...

Venezuela possesses the Western Hemisphere’s largest conventional proven oil reserves at 77.8 billion barrels and has proved natural gas reserves of 148 trillion cubic feet, the largest in Latin America and the seventh-largest in the world. Despite these abundant resources, economic performance of the country has been poor. Oil production declined steadily every year beginning in 1973 and by th...