Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) was co-doped by solid-state sintering with niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and cobalt trioxide (Co3O4) as dopants. The modified barium containing Nb Co (BTNC) larger particle size (0.5–1 μm) silver powder (Ag) smaller (25 nm) were co-filled polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to prepare (BTNC-Ag)/PVDF three-phase composites. morphology crystal structure of composites character...